Torrealba-Acosta Gabriel, Carazo-Céspedes Kenneth, Chiou Sy Han, O'Brien Anthony Terrence, Fernández-Morales Huberth
Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica; Neurosciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 May;27(5):1143-1152. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.11.030. Epub 2017 Dec 25.
Limited data on stroke exist for Costa Rica. Therefore, we created a stroke registry out of patients with stroke seen in the Acute Stroke Unit of the Hospital Calderon Guardia.
We analyzed 1319 patients enrolled over a 7-year period, which incorporated demographic, clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging data.
The mean age of patients with stroke was 68.0 ± 15.5 years. Seven hundred twenty-five were men and the age range was 13-104 years. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (78.8%), dyslipidemia (36.3%), and diabetes (31.9%). Fifteen percent had atrial fibrillation and 24.7% had a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Prevalence of hypertension and atrial fibrillation increased with age; however, younger patients were more associated with thrombophilia. We documented 962 (72.9%) ischemic and 270 (20.5%) hemorrhagic strokes. Of the ischemic strokes, 174 (18.1%) were considered secondary to large-artery atherothrombosis, 175 (18.2%) were due to cardiac embolism, 19 (2.0%) were due to lacunar infarcts, and 25 (2.6%) were due to other determined causes. Five hundred sixty-nine (59.1%) remained undetermined. Atherothrombotic strokes were mostly associated with dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, whereas lacunar infarcts were associated with hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Of our patients, 69.9% scored between 0 and 9 in the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
We found differences in sociodemographic features, risk factors, and stroke severity among stroke subtypes. Risk factor prevalence was similar to other registries involving Hispanic populations.
哥斯达黎加有关中风的数据有限。因此，我们基于在卡尔德隆·瓜迪亚医院急性中风单元就诊的中风患者创建了一个中风登记系统。
我们分析了在7年期间纳入的1319例患者，这些患者包含人口统计学、临床、实验室和神经影像学数据。
中风患者的平均年龄为68.0±15.5岁。725例为男性，年龄范围为13 - 104岁。最常见的危险因素是高血压（78.8%）、血脂异常（36.3%）和糖尿病（31.9%）。15%的患者有房颤，24.7%的患者曾有中风或短暂性脑缺血发作。高血压和房颤的患病率随年龄增加而升高；然而，年轻患者更易患血栓形成倾向。我们记录了962例（72.9%）缺血性中风和270例（20.5%）出血性中风。在缺血性中风中，174例（18.1%）被认为继发于大动脉粥样血栓形成，175例（18.2%）由心源性栓塞引起，19例（2.0%）由腔隙性梗死引起，25例（2.6%）由其他确定原因引起。569例（59.1%）病因不明。动脉粥样血栓形成性中风主要与血脂异常、糖尿病、代谢综合征和肥胖有关，而腔隙性梗死与高血压、吸烟、久坐不动的生活方式以及既往中风或短暂性脑缺血发作有关。在我们的患者中，69.9%在初始美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）中的得分在0至9分之间。
我们发现中风亚型在社会人口学特征、危险因素和中风严重程度方面存在差异。危险因素患病率与其他涉及西班牙裔人群的登记系统相似。
