Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Agricultural University, 12 Mendeleev str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, 60800, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Feb;112:251-264. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.047. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Host-selective mycotoxins (HSTs) are various secondary metabolites or proteinaceous compounds secreted by pathogenic necrotrophic fungi that feed off on dead tissues of certain plants. Research on the HSTs has not only fundamental but also practical importance. On one hand they are implicated in the onset of devastating crop diseases. On the other hand, they have been studied as a good model for revealing the intricate mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. At the cellular level, HSTs target different compartments and in most instances induce programmed cell death (PCD) by a wide range of mechanisms. Often the responses provoked by HSTs resemble the effector-triggered immunity used by plant cells to combat biotrophic pathogens, which suggests that HST-producing fungi exploit the plants' own defensive systems to derive benefits. Although by definition HSTs are active only in tissues of susceptible plant genotypes, it has been demonstrated that some of them are able to influence animal cells as well. The possible effects, like cytotoxicity or cytostasis, can be harmful or beneficial and thus HSTs may either pose a health risk for humans and livestock, or be of prospective use in the fields of pharmacology, medicine and agriculture.
寄主选择性真菌毒素（HSTs）是某些致病坏死真菌分泌的各种次生代谢物或蛋白类化合物，它们以某些植物的死亡组织为食。对 HSTs 的研究不仅具有基础性，而且具有实际意义。一方面，它们与毁灭性作物病害的发生有关。另一方面，它们被研究为揭示植物-病原体相互作用复杂机制的良好模型。在细胞水平上，HSTs 靶向不同的隔室，并且在大多数情况下通过多种机制诱导程序性细胞死亡（PCD）。通常，HST 引发的反应类似于植物细胞用于对抗生物营养性病原体的效应触发免疫，这表明产生 HST 的真菌利用植物自身的防御系统从中获益。尽管 HSTs 的定义仅在易感植物基因型的组织中具有活性，但已证明其中一些也能够影响动物细胞。可能的影响，如细胞毒性或细胞抑制，可以是有害的或有益的，因此 HSTs 可能对人类和牲畜构成健康风险，或者在药理学、医学和农业领域具有潜在用途。
