Luo Xinyu, Cai Wanzhi, Qiao Gexia
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Zookeys. 2017 Nov 27(716):63-93. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.716.13916. eCollection 2017.
Togepsyllinae is a distinctive group within Psylloidea, with its systematic status treated variously by different authors. Of the only two known genera, is better known and distributed in temperate and tropical East Asia. In this study, the taxonomy and morphology of was studied in detail. Keys to adults and fifth instar immatures of the genus are provided. is described, and , , and are redescribed. is compared with for differences in morphology. Modern psyllids have evolved their jumping hind legs via the elongation of the dorsal edge of coxa, the broadening of coxal wall, the thickening of meron, the backward twisting of the plane of trochanter, femur, and tibia, and the enlargement of trochanteral tendon. However, in , this modification has progressed halfway. The metapleuron of is arranged in a different way than other psyllids. The pleural sulcus is short, and the metepisternum and trochantin are not divided. Wax-secreting fields on abdominal sternites, resembling those of whiteflies, are found on all species, and described for the first time. Other distinctive characters of the genus are also revealed, e.g. frons completely fused with gena, a pair of extra sclerites present behind the base of thoracic furca, one-segmented aedeagus, and absence of a flag lobe on valvula dorsalis of ovipositor. Based on various similarities in morphology, Togepsyllinae may have a close relationship with Aphalaridae-Rhinocolinae and is possibly related to Homotomidae, Liviidae-Liviinae and (Calophyidae). All the distinctive characters of Togepsyllinae suggest that the current placement of the group is doubtful, and the phylogeny of Aphalaridae needs to be resolved.
合蚤亚科是木虱总科中一个独特的类群，不同作者对其系统地位的处理各不相同。在仅有的两个已知属中，[具体属名缺失]更为人所知，分布于东亚的温带和热带地区。在本研究中，对[具体属名缺失]的分类学和形态学进行了详细研究。提供了该属成虫和五龄若虫的检索表。描述了[具体种名缺失]，并重新描述了[其他种名缺失]。将[具体种名缺失]与[对比种名缺失]进行形态差异比较。现代木虱通过基节背缘的延长、基节壁的加宽、后胸侧板的增厚、转节、股节和胫节平面的向后扭转以及转节腱的增大进化出了跳跃的后腿。然而，在[具体属名缺失]中，这种变化只进行了一半。[具体属名缺失]的后胸侧板排列方式与其他木虱不同。侧沟较短，后胸前侧片和转节片未分开。在所有[具体属名缺失]物种的腹部腹板上都发现了类似粉虱的蜡分泌区，并首次进行了描述。该属的其他独特特征也被揭示出来，例如额与颊完全愈合，胸叉基部后方有一对额外的骨片，阳茎为单节，产卵器背瓣上无旗叶。基于形态学上的各种相似性，合蚤亚科可能与斑木虱科-鼻木虱亚科关系密切，并且可能与长头木虱科、叶木虱科-叶木虱亚科以及[具体科名缺失]（美木虱科）有关。合蚤亚科的所有独特特征表明，该类群目前的分类位置值得怀疑，斑木虱科的系统发育需要进一步解决。
