Abraham Olufunmilola, Alexander Dayna S, Schleiden Loren J, Carpenter Delesha M
Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics (OA, LJS), University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (DSA, DMC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville, North Carolina.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Nov-Dec;22(6):412-422. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-22.6.412.
This study aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators that influence community pharmacists' ability to provide medication counseling to pediatric patients.
Semistructured interviews ( = 16) were conducted with pharmacy staff at 3 community pharmacies in 2 Eastern states. The interview guide elicited pharmacy staff experiences interacting with children and their perceived barriers and facilitators to providing medication counseling. Transcripts were reviewed for accuracy and a codebook was developed for data analysis. NVivo 10 was used for content analysis and identifying relevant themes.
Ten pharmacists and 6 pharmacy technicians were interviewed. Most participants were female (69%), aged 30 to 49 years (56%), with ≥5 years of pharmacy practice experience. Eight themes emerged as barriers to pharmacists' engaging children in medication counseling, the most prevalent being the child's absence during medication pickup, the child appearing to be distracted or uninterested, and having an unconducive pharmacy environment. Pharmacy staff noted 7 common facilitators to engaging children, most importantly, availability of demonstrative and interactive devices/technology, pharmacist demeanor and communication approach, and having child-friendly educational materials.
Findings suggest that pharmacy personnel are rarely able to engage children in medication counseling because of the patient's absence during medication pickup; however, having child-friendly materials could facilitate interactions when the child is present. These findings can inform programs and interventions aimed at addressing the barriers pharmacists encounter while educating children about safe and appropriate use of medicines.
本研究旨在描述影响社区药剂师为儿科患者提供用药咨询能力的障碍和促进因素。
对东部两个州的3家社区药房的药学人员进行了16次半结构化访谈。访谈指南引出了药学人员与儿童互动的经历以及他们在提供用药咨询时所感知到的障碍和促进因素。对访谈记录进行准确性审查，并编制了用于数据分析的编码手册。使用NVivo 10进行内容分析并确定相关主题。
共访谈了10名药剂师和6名药房技术员。大多数参与者为女性（69%），年龄在30至49岁之间（56%），有≥5年的药学实践经验。出现了8个主题作为药剂师让儿童参与用药咨询的障碍，最常见的是取药时儿童不在场、儿童似乎注意力分散或不感兴趣以及药房环境不利于咨询。药学人员指出了7个让儿童参与咨询的常见促进因素，最重要的是有演示性和互动性设备/技术、药剂师的举止和沟通方式以及有适合儿童的教育材料。
研究结果表明，由于取药时患者不在场，药学人员很少能够让儿童参与用药咨询；然而，当儿童在场时，有适合儿童的材料可以促进互动。这些研究结果可为旨在解决药剂师在教育儿童安全合理用药时遇到的障碍的项目和干预措施提供参考。
