Mouginot Pierick, Uhl Gabriele, Fromhage Lutz
General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany.
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Nov 1;4(11):171195. doi: 10.1098/rsos.171195. eCollection 2017 Nov.
Sperm competition may select for male reproductive traits that influence female mating or oviposition rate. These traits may induce fitness costs to the female; however, they may be costly for the males as well as any decrease in female fitness also affects male fitness. Male adaptations to sperm competition manipulate females by altering not only female behaviour or physiology, but also female morphology. In orb-weaving spiders, mating may entail mutilation of external structures of the female genitalia, which prevents genital coupling with subsequent males. Here, we present a game theoretical model showing that external female genital mutilation is favoured even under relatively high costs of mutilation, and that it is favoured by a high number of mate encounters per female and last-male sperm precedence.
精子竞争可能会选择那些影响雌性交配或产卵率的雄性生殖性状。这些性状可能会给雌性带来适应性成本；然而，它们对雄性来说也可能代价高昂，因为雌性适应性的任何降低也会影响雄性的适应性。雄性对精子竞争的适应不仅通过改变雌性的行为或生理机能，还通过改变雌性的形态来操纵雌性。在结网蜘蛛中，交配可能会导致雌性生殖器外部结构的残缺，这会阻止其与后续雄性进行生殖器结合。在此，我们提出一个博弈论模型，该模型表明，即使在残缺成本相对较高的情况下，雌性生殖器外部残缺仍是有利的，而且每只雌性有大量的交配机会以及最后交配的雄性精子具有优先权也有利于这种情况的发生。
