Lewin Richard, Widmark-Jensen Emmelie, Plate Nicolina, Hansson Emma
a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden.
b Institute of Clinical Sciences , The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University , Gothenburg , Sweden.
J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2018 Aug;52(4):198-203. doi: 10.1080/2000656X.2017.1419142. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
Throughout different eras and cultures what is considered the cosmetically ideal breast has varied greatly. There is no broadly accepted standardised method that objectively evaluates aesthetic outcome after breast reduction mammoplasty. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the result of breast reduction regarding nipple position, comparing it to an objective previously described standard. Secondary aims were to determine symmetry and examine predictors for achieving an aesthetically pleasing breast. The position of the nipple was measured in postoperative pictures and compared to a previously described standard. Three-hundred and thirty-six breast were included in the study. Compared with the previously described standard, 26% (89/336) of the nipples were within the optimal position in mediolateral direction, and 44% (147/336) in craniocaudal direction. The majority of women had the nipple in the same position in the two breasts. Age at surgery seems to significantly influence the possibility of achieving an optimal nipple position. No other predictors were found. Improvements can be made in placement of the nipple during reduction mammoplasty. Further studies are needed on how knowledge of the ideal nipple position can be used to optimize surgical planning and technique, and reduce variability in outcomes, in breast reduction mammoplasties.
在不同的时代和文化中，被认为具有美学理想的乳房差异很大。目前尚无广泛接受的标准化方法来客观评估乳房缩小成形术后的美学效果。本研究的主要目的是评估乳房缩小术后乳头位置的结果，并将其与先前描述的客观标准进行比较。次要目的是确定对称性，并研究实现美观乳房的预测因素。在术后照片中测量乳头位置，并与先前描述的标准进行比较。本研究纳入了336例乳房。与先前描述的标准相比，26%（89/336）的乳头在中外侧方向处于最佳位置，44%（147/336）在头尾方向处于最佳位置。大多数女性的两个乳房中乳头位置相同。手术年龄似乎显著影响实现最佳乳头位置的可能性。未发现其他预测因素。在乳房缩小成形术中乳头的放置方面可以进行改进。需要进一步研究如何利用理想乳头位置的知识来优化手术规划和技术，并减少乳房缩小成形术结果的变异性。
