性别在老年人双任务行走时人格与任务优先级之间的关系中的作用。
The role of gender in the association between personality and task priority in older adults' dual-tasking while walking.
机构信息
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Israel.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2018 Jan 2;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0691-1.
BACKGROUND
Falls are a major problem for older adults. Many falls occur when a person's attention is divided between two tasks, such as a dual task (DT) involving walking. Most recently, the role of personality in walking performance was addressed; however, its association with DT performance remains to be determined.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study of 73 older, community-dwelling adults explores the association between personality and DT walking and the role of gender in this relationship. Personality was evaluated using the five-factor model. Single-task (ST) and DT assessment of walking-cognitive DT performance comprised a 1-min walking task and an arithmetic task performed separately (ST) and concurrently (DT). Dual-task costs (DTCs), reflecting the proportional difference between ST and DT performance, were also calculated.
RESULTS
Gender plays a role in the relationship between personality and DT. Extraversion was negatively associated with DTC-motor for men (ΔR = 0.06, p < 0.05). Conscientiousness was positively associated with DTC-cognition for women (ΔR = 0.08, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
These findings may lead to effective personality-based early detection and intervention for fall prevention.
背景
老年人经常会跌倒，这是一个主要的问题。当一个人的注意力被分配到两项任务上时，就会发生许多跌倒，例如涉及行走的双重任务 (DT)。最近，人们开始关注人格在行走表现中的作用，但它与 DT 表现之间的关系仍有待确定。
方法
本研究为一项针对 73 名年龄较大、居住在社区中的成年人的横断面研究，旨在探讨人格与 DT 行走之间的关系，以及性别在这种关系中的作用。使用五因素模型评估人格。单任务 (ST) 和 DT 评估行走-认知 DT 表现包括 1 分钟行走任务和单独进行的算术任务（ST）和同时进行的算术任务（DT）。还计算了双任务成本 (DTC)，反映了 ST 和 DT 表现之间的比例差异。
结果
性别在人格和 DT 之间的关系中起着作用。对于男性，外向性与 DTC-运动呈负相关（ΔR=0.06，p<0.05）。对于女性，尽责性与 DTC-认知呈正相关（ΔR=0.08，p<0.01）。
结论
这些发现可能会导致基于人格的有效早期检测和干预，以预防跌倒。
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