J Anim Sci. 2017 Dec;95(12):5664-5674. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1901.
Although mammary gland growth and development in females is a lifelong process, it builds on isometric and allometric phases of mammary growth to establish a complex ductal network before and during puberty. Only then can other phases of branching and alveologenesis, differentiation, lactation, and involution proceed. Although the ductal network of various species differs in its histomorphology, all glands undergo a common phase of allometric growth when the mammary ducts penetrate into the supporting stromal microenvironment. Perhaps not surprisingly, different aspects of diet and nutrition can influence this allometric growth, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we outline some of the fundamental aspects of how allometric ductal growth in the mammary glands of various species is influenced by diet and nutrition and identify opportunities and questions for future investigation.
尽管女性的乳腺生长和发育是一个终身的过程，但它是基于乳腺生长的等比和异速生长阶段，在青春期前和青春期建立一个复杂的导管网络。只有这样，分支和腺泡形成、分化、泌乳和退化的其他阶段才能进行。尽管不同物种的导管网络在组织形态学上有所不同，但当乳腺导管穿透支持性基质微环境时，所有腺体都会经历一个共同的异速生长阶段。也许并不奇怪，饮食和营养的不同方面可以直接或间接地影响这种异速生长。在这篇综述中，我们概述了饮食和营养如何影响不同物种乳腺的异速导管生长的一些基本方面，并确定了未来研究的机会和问题。
