Haque Azizul, Akçeşme Faruk Berat, Pant Anudeep B
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics at University of Medical Sciences, Üsküdar/İstanbul, Turkey.
Antivir Ther. 2018;23(4):285-293. doi: 10.3851/IMP3215.
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has recently emerged as a public health threat due to its teratogenic nature and association with the serious neurological condition Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To date, no approved antiviral therapeutics to treat, nor vaccines to prevent, ZIKV infection are available. In order to develop effective anti-ZIKV vaccines, improved animal models and a better understanding of immunological correlates of protection against ZIKV are required. In this paper, we discuss the recent progress in developing vaccines against ZIKV and the hurdles to overcome in making efficacious anti-ZIKV vaccines. Here, we propose strategies to make efficacious and safe vaccines against ZIKV by using novel approaches including molecular attenuation of viruses and TLR-based nanoparticle vaccines. The question of exacerbating dengue virus infection or causing GBS through the production of cross-reactive immunity targeting viral or host proteins have been addressed in this paper. Challenges in implementing immunogenic and protective ZIKV vaccine trials in immunodepressed target populations (for example, pregnant women) have also been discussed.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）疫情最近因其致畸性以及与严重神经系统疾病吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）的关联而成为公共卫生威胁。迄今为止，尚无获批的用于治疗ZIKV感染的抗病毒疗法，也没有预防ZIKV感染的疫苗。为了研发有效的抗ZIKV疫苗，需要改进动物模型，并更好地理解针对ZIKV的保护性免疫相关因素。在本文中，我们讨论了抗ZIKV疫苗研发的最新进展以及在制备有效的抗ZIKV疫苗过程中需要克服的障碍。在此，我们提出通过使用包括病毒分子减毒和基于Toll样受体（TLR）的纳米颗粒疫苗等新方法来制备有效且安全的抗ZIKV疫苗的策略。本文还探讨了通过产生针对病毒或宿主蛋白的交叉反应性免疫而加剧登革病毒感染或引发GBS的问题。此外，也讨论了在免疫抑制目标人群（例如孕妇）中开展具有免疫原性和保护性的ZIKV疫苗试验所面临的挑战。
