Pak C Y, Hill K, Cintron N M, Huntoon C
Center on Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1989 Feb;60(2):157-61.
Spaceflight could provoke formation of kidney stones, in part by causing hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia. Applicants for spaceflight who have metabolic or environmental derangements to begin with might be particularly susceptible to stone formation in space. We, therefore, analyzed 24-h urine samples for stone-forming risk factors in 104 male applicants before their selection into the astronaut-mission specialist corps. The urinary environment was abnormally supersaturated with calcium oxalate in 25.0% of applicants, brushite in 36.5%, and monosodium urate in 66.3%, predisposing these applicants to crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts. This high level of supersaturation was caused by both "metabolic" and environmental disturbances. Thus, hypercalciuria was found in 11.5% of applicants, hyperoxaluria in 2.9%, hyperuricosuria in 18.3% and hypocitraturia in 5.8%. Environmental derangements were generally more prominent, as indicated by low urine volume of less than 2 L.d-1 in 84.6%, high urinary phosphate in 24.4%, and high urinary sodium in 10.6% of applicants. The results suggest that most of the abnormal stone risk factors disclosed among applicants for spaceflight programs were environmental in origin.
太空飞行可能会引发肾结石的形成，部分原因是导致高钙尿症和高磷尿症。一开始就存在代谢或环境紊乱的太空飞行申请者可能特别容易在太空中形成结石。因此，我们在104名男性申请者入选宇航员任务专家队伍之前，分析了他们24小时尿液样本中的结石形成风险因素。在25.0%的申请者中，草酸钙的尿液环境异常过饱和，在36.5%的申请者中磷酸氢钙异常过饱和，在66.3%的申请者中尿酸钠异常过饱和，这使这些申请者易于形成结石的钙盐结晶。这种高度过饱和是由“代谢”和环境干扰共同引起的。因此，在11.5%的申请者中发现了高钙尿症，在2.9%的申请者中发现了高草酸尿症，在18.3%的申请者中发现了高尿酸尿症，在5.8%的申请者中发现了低枸橼酸尿症。环境紊乱通常更为突出，84.6%的申请者尿量低于2 L·d-1，24.4%的申请者尿磷高，10.6%的申请者尿钠高。结果表明，太空飞行项目申请者中发现的大多数异常结石风险因素源于环境。
