Faculty of Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine and Integral Adolescent Development, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities, Center for Studies in Applied Ethics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
J Med Ethics. 2018 Apr;44(4):279-283. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2017-104281. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
From 1989 through September 2017, Chile's highly restrictive abortion laws exposed women to victimisation and needlessly threatened their health, freedom and even lives. However, after decades of unsuccessful attempts to decriminalise abortion, legislation regulating pregnancy termination on three grounds was recently enacted. In the aftermath, an aggressive conservative drive designed to turn conscientious objection into a pivotal new obstacle, mounted during the congressional debate, has led to extensive, complex arguments about the validity and legitimacy of conscientious objection. This article offers a critical review of the emergence of conscientious objection and its likely policy and ethical implications. It posits the need to regulate conscientious objection through checks and balances designed to keep it from being turned into an ideological barrier meant to hinder women's access to critical healthcare.
从 1989 年到 2017 年 9 月，智利高度限制堕胎的法律使妇女面临受害风险，并使她们的健康、自由甚至生命受到不必要的威胁。然而，在几十年未能成功将堕胎合法化后，最近颁布了三项关于终止妊娠的法规。在此之后，在国会辩论期间，一场旨在将凭良心拒绝对待变成一个新的关键障碍的激进保守主义运动，引发了广泛而复杂的关于凭良心拒绝对待的有效性和合法性的争论。本文批判性地回顾了凭良心拒绝对待的出现及其可能的政策和伦理影响。它认为需要通过制衡来规范凭良心拒绝对待，以防止其被变成一种意识形态上的障碍，阻碍妇女获得重要的医疗保健。
