患有各种品行障碍的青少年在气质和性格维度上的差异。
Differences in temperament and character dimensions in adolescents with various conduct disorders.
作者信息
Dukanac Vesna, Džamonja-Ignjatović Tamara, Milanović Marko, Popović-Ćitić Branislava
出版信息
Vojnosanit Pregl. 2016 Apr;73(4):353-9. doi: 10.2298/VSP141007022D.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Adolescence is characterized both by a large developmental potential and by an increased risk for emergence of different forms of psychopathology. International classifications of mental disorders recognize the psychopathology of adolescence at the age of 15−18 through the categories of conduct disorders and some forms of addiction: chemical and non-chemical. The aim of this research was to analyse the personality structure among four groups of adolescents manifesting different types of conduct disorder based on Cloninger’s Psychobiological theory of personality.
METHODS
The research sample consisted of 140 respondents at the age of 16−18, divided into five groups: 30 respondents manifesting socialized conduct disorder, 20 adolescents in conflict with the law, 30 respondents manifesting abuse of psychoactive substances, 30 respondents with the problem of the Internet addiction and 30 from general population. The Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory (BAPI) questionnaire was used for the purpose of assessment of personality. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), followed by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences between the given groups of adolescents.
RESULTS
The results of MANOVA show differences in the personality structure among the groups, both in the dimensions of temperament, F (20,418.84) = 2.71, p < 0.001, Wilks’s lambda 0.67, and in the dimensions of character, F (12,344.24) = 3.27, p < 0.001, Wilks’s lambda is 0.75. Socialized conduct disorder is characterized by low selfdirectedness and average cooperativeness. Adolescents in conflict with the law have the lowest persistence, together with low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Adolescents abusing psychoactive substances have low harm avoidance and self-transcendence. Adolescents with Internet addiction are characterized by high novelty seeking (impulsivity and curiosity), low self-directedness and the lowest cooperativeness.
CONCLUSION
The results show that the dimensions of personality can play an important role in etiopathogenesis of various disorders in adolescents.
背景/目的：青春期的特点是具有巨大的发展潜力，同时出现不同形式精神病理学的风险增加。国际精神障碍分类通过行为障碍类别以及某些形式的成瘾（化学成瘾和非化学成瘾）来识别15至18岁青少年的精神病理学。本研究的目的是基于克隆宁格的人格心理生物学理论，分析表现出不同类型行为障碍的四组青少年的人格结构。
方法
研究样本包括140名16至18岁的受访者，分为五组：30名表现出社会化行为障碍的受访者、20名与法律有冲突的青少年、30名表现出滥用精神活性物质的受访者、30名有网络成瘾问题的受访者以及30名来自普通人群的受访者。使用贝尔格莱德青少年人格量表（BAPI）问卷进行人格评估。采用多变量方差分析（MANOVA），随后进行单变量方差分析（ANOVA）来检验给定青少年组之间的差异。
结果
MANOVA结果显示，各群体在人格结构上存在差异，在气质维度上，F（20,418.84）= 2.71，p < 0.001，威尔克斯lambda值为0.67；在性格维度上，F（12,344.24）= 3.27，p < 0.001，威尔克斯lambda值为0.75。社会化行为障碍的特点是自我导向性低和合作性一般。与法律有冲突的青少年坚持性最低，同时自我导向性和合作性也低。滥用精神活性物质的青少年伤害回避和自我超越能力低。有网络成瘾问题的青少年的特点是高新奇寻求（冲动性和好奇心）、自我导向性低和合作性最低。
结论
结果表明，人格维度在青少年各种障碍的病因学中可能起重要作用。
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