Kose Samet, Sayar Kemal, Kalelioglu Ulgen, Aydin Nazan, Celikel Feryal Cam, Gulec Huseyin, Ak Ismail, Kirpinar Ismet, Cloninger C Robert
Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 2009 Jul-Aug;50(4):361-8. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.09.007. Epub 2008 Nov 21.
Cloninger's dimensional psychobiological model of personality accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in 2 major personality components: temperament and character. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in a healthy Turkish population, obtaining normative data for the Turkish TCI. The study was conducted in healthy volunteers at both Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine and Atatürk University School of Medicine (n = 683). The Turkish sample had significantly lower mean scores on Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence and higher mean scores on Harm Avoidance than the American sample. The Turkish sample had significantly lower scores on Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-Transcendence. Self-Directedness and Harm Avoidance, Cooperativeness and Reward Dependence, and Cooperativeness and Self-Directedness were intercorrelated. The Cronbach coeficients were between 0.60 and 0.85 on temperament dimensions, and between 0.82 and 0.83 on character dimensions. The lowest Cronbach coefficients were found in Reward Dependence (0.60) and Persistence (0.62). A principal axis factor analysis with a 4-factor solution revealed the highest loadings on Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance and relatively weaker loadings on Reward Dependence and Persistence. A 3-factor solution for character subscales indicated the highest loadings on Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. The factorial structure was consistent with Cloninger's 7-factor model of personality, and test-retest indicated a good stability of scores over time. The reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the TCI are therefore supported.
克隆宁格的人格维度心理生物学模型解释了两种主要人格成分（气质和性格）的正常和异常变化。在此，我们在健康的土耳其人群中检验了土耳其版气质与性格量表（TCI）的心理测量特性，获得了土耳其TCI的常模数据。该研究在黑海技术大学医学院和阿塔图尔克大学医学院的健康志愿者中进行（n = 683）。土耳其样本在寻求新奇和奖励依赖方面的平均得分显著低于美国样本，而在回避伤害方面的平均得分则高于美国样本。土耳其样本在自我导向、合作性和自我超越方面的得分显著较低。自我导向与回避伤害、合作性与奖励依赖、合作性与自我导向之间存在相互关联。气质维度的克朗巴赫系数在0.60至0.85之间，性格维度的克朗巴赫系数在0.82至0.83之间。克朗巴赫系数最低的是奖励依赖（0.60）和坚持性（0.62）。采用四因素解的主轴因子分析显示，在寻求新奇和回避伤害方面的载荷最高，而在奖励依赖和坚持性方面的载荷相对较弱。性格分量表的三因素解表明，在合作性和自我超越方面的载荷最高。因子结构与克隆宁格的人格七因素模型一致，重测表明得分随时间具有良好的稳定性。因此，土耳其版TCI的信度和因子效度得到了支持。
