Duschinsky Robbie
University of Cambridge.
Infant Ment Health J. 2018 Jan;39(1):17-29. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21689. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
In 1990, M. Main and J. Solomon introduced the procedures for coding a new "disorganized" infant attachment classification for the Ainsworth Strange Situation procedure (M.D.S. Ainsworth, M. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978). This classification has received a high degree of interest, both from researchers and from child welfare and clinical practitioners. Disorganized attachment has primarily been understood through the lens of E. Hesse and M. Main's concept of "fright without solution," taken to mean that an infant experiences a conflict between a desire to approach and flee from a frightening parent when confronted by the Strange Situation. Yet, looking back, it can be observed that the way Hesse and Main's texts were formulated and read has generated confusion; there have been repeated calls in recent years for renewed theory and clarification about the relationship between disorganization and fear. Responding to these calls, this article revisits the texts that introduced the idea of fright without solution, clarifying their claims through articulating more precisely the different meanings of the term fear. This clarified account will then be applied to consideration of pathways to infant disorganized behaviors.
1990年，M. 梅因和J. 所罗门针对安斯沃思陌生情境程序（M.D.S. 安斯沃思、M. 布莱哈、E. 沃特斯和S. 沃尔，1978）引入了一种新的“紊乱型”婴儿依恋分类编码程序。这一分类受到了研究人员以及儿童福利和临床从业者的高度关注。紊乱型依恋主要是通过E. 黑塞和M. 梅因的“无解恐惧”概念来理解的，这意味着婴儿在面对陌生情境时，在接近和逃离令人恐惧的父母的欲望之间经历冲突。然而，回顾过去可以发现，黑塞和梅因文本的表述和解读方式产生了混淆；近年来，人们多次呼吁更新理论，并澄清紊乱与恐惧之间的关系。回应这些呼吁，本文重新审视了引入无解恐惧概念的文本，通过更精确地阐述恐惧一词的不同含义来澄清其主张。然后，这一清晰的阐述将应用于对婴儿紊乱行为途径的思考。
