A self-renewing, bipotential erythroid/mast cell progenitor in continuous cultures of normal murine bone marrow.

We have established permanent lines of nonadherent cells from fresh normal mouse bone marrow in media containing pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (PWSCM). These lines continuously produced erythropoietic progenitor cells (detected by their ability to form erythroid bursts in semi-solid medium containing erythropoietin) together with cells having characteristics of the mast cell lineage (as demonstrated by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue, histamine content and membrane receptors for IgE). Sixteen such cell lines have been established in sixteen attempts. Cloning experiments were carried out to determine the nature of the progenitor cell(s) responsible for the permanence of these cultures. When cells were cultured in methylcellulose medium containing PWSCM, colonies were observed which reached macroscopic size after 4 weeks of incubation. Replating of individual primary colonies resulted in secondary colony formation, indicating the presence of progenitor cells with self-renewal potential. Forty-seven primary colonies were picked and their cells were suspended in liquid culture medium containing PWSCM. Of these, twenty-one could be expanded to establish permanently growing sublines. Sixteen of these sublines were found to be composed of both erythroid progenitors and mast cells. In five sublines only mast cells could be seen; none of the sublines appeared to be purely erythroid. Karyotypic analysis of mast cells and of erythroid cells of seven sublines derived from individual colonies which arose in cocultures of male and female cells revealed that the mast cells and erythroid cells were both of the same sex in each of the seven sublines; this demonstrates the single cell origin of each colony and of the two lineages derived from it. We conclude that these nonadherent, factor-dependent cell lines are maintained by self-renewal and differentiation of bipotential progenitor cells apparently restricted to the erythroid and mast cell lineages.