Michibata H, Hirose H, Sugiyama K, Ookubo Y, Kanamori K
Biol Bull. 1990 Aug;179(1):140-147. doi: 10.2307/1541748.
A combination of techniques, including chromatography on Sephadex G-15 and SE-cellulose columns and neutron activation analysis for vanadium determination, was used to extract (at low pH) a vanadium-binding substance (vanadobin) from the blood cells of the ascidian species: Ascidia ahodori OKA, A. gemmata SLUITER, A. zara OKA, Corella japonica HERDMAN, and Ciona intestinalis (LINNE). In general, ascidians can be classified into two different categories based on vanadium content: species of the family Ascidiidae contain high levels of vanadium, whereas those in the Cionidae and Corellidae do not always have such high amounts. Because Ciona intestinalis and Corella japonica do have vanadobin in their blood cells, vanadobin may well be a universal complex in ascidians, having the role of accumulating vanadium in blood cells and maintaining its concentration. The blood cells of A. gemmata contained the highest amount of vanadium. Vanadobin extracted from these cells exhibits absorption spectra, not only in the ultraviolet region, but also in the visible region; such spectra correspond to those observed in vanadium complexes in oxidation states of +3 and +4.
采用了多种技术相结合的方法，包括在葡聚糖G - 15和SE - 纤维素柱上进行色谱分析以及用中子活化分析法测定钒，以便在低pH值条件下从以下海鞘物种的血细胞中提取一种钒结合物质（钒宾）：阿霍多里海鞘（Ascidia ahodori OKA）、宝石海鞘（A. gemmata SLUITER）、扎拉海鞘（A. zara OKA）、日本柄海鞘（Corella japonica HERDMAN）和肠鳃海鞘（Ciona intestinalis (LINNE)）。一般来说，根据钒含量，海鞘可分为两类：海鞘科的物种钒含量高，而菊海鞘科和柄海鞘科的物种钒含量并非总是如此之高。由于肠鳃海鞘和日本柄海鞘的血细胞中确实含有钒宾，钒宾很可能是海鞘中的一种普遍复合物，具有在血细胞中积累钒并维持其浓度的作用。宝石海鞘的血细胞钒含量最高。从这些细胞中提取的钒宾不仅在紫外区域，而且在可见区域都呈现吸收光谱；这种光谱与在氧化态为 +3和 +4的钒络合物中观察到的光谱相对应。
