CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2018 Jun;18(3):157-173. doi: 10.1007/s40256-017-0259-7.
Statin therapy is generally well tolerated and very effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, regardless of cholesterol levels; however, it can be associated with various adverse events (myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and diabetes mellitus, among others). Patients frequently discontinue statin therapy without medical advice because of perceived side effects and consequently increase their risk for cardiovascular events. In patients with statin intolerance, it may be advisable to change the dose, switch to a different statin, or try an alternate-day regimen. If intolerance is associated with all statins-even at the lowest dose-non-statin drugs and certain nutraceuticals can be considered. This review focuses on the definition of statin intolerance and on the development of clinical and therapeutic strategies for its management, including emerging alternative therapies.
他汀类药物治疗在预防和治疗心血管疾病方面通常具有良好的耐受性和非常有效,无论胆固醇水平如何;然而,它可能与各种不良反应(肌痛、肌病、横纹肌溶解和糖尿病等)相关。由于认为存在副作用,患者经常在未经医疗建议的情况下停止他汀类药物治疗,从而增加了心血管事件的风险。对于他汀类药物不耐受的患者,可能需要改变剂量、改用不同的他汀类药物或尝试隔日方案。如果不耐受与所有他汀类药物相关——即使是最低剂量——也可以考虑使用非他汀类药物和某些营养保健品。本综述重点介绍了他汀类药物不耐受的定义以及其管理的临床和治疗策略的发展,包括新兴的替代疗法。