Kunnikova K I, Kotyusov A I, Lvova O A
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620002.
Vestn Oftalmol. 2017;133(6):83-89. doi: 10.17116/oftalma2017133683-89.
Preclinical prediction of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) is one of the priorities of current research. Children at risk of ASD develop an atypical visual perception profile early in their lives, which influences their visual responsiveness, distribution of attention, and social orienting. In this study we have compared the oculomotor behavior in an infant at familial risk of ASD with data from two 10-month infants with typical development. The SMI RED500 eye tracker was used for acquisition. Most parameters of visual perception in the at-risk infant were found to differ significantly from these of the controls. The strategy of visual search in the at-risk infant was generally less successful (13% of attempts vs 31% and 56% in the controls) with a tendency to focus predominantly on social stimuli (50% of the total gaze time). The said changes together with longer fixation duration (576.41 ms vs 527.77 and 386.72 ms in the two controls), lower saccadic frequency (1.74 counts/ms vs 1.84 and 2.18 counts/ms), and shorter scan path length (2774.24 px vs 3612.58 and 3985.43 px) may result in difficulties in switching tasks and processing information.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的临床前预测是当前研究的重点之一。有患ASD风险的儿童在其生命早期就会形成非典型的视觉感知特征，这会影响他们的视觉反应、注意力分配和社交定向。在本研究中，我们将一名有ASD家族风险的婴儿的眼动行为与两名发育正常的10个月大婴儿的数据进行了比较。使用SMI RED500眼动仪进行数据采集。结果发现，有风险的婴儿的大多数视觉感知参数与对照组有显著差异。有风险的婴儿的视觉搜索策略通常不太成功（成功率为13%，而对照组为31%和56%），并且倾向于主要关注社交刺激（占总注视时间的50%）。上述变化以及更长的注视持续时间（分别为576.41毫秒，而两个对照组为527.77毫秒和386.72毫秒）、更低的扫视频率（1.74次/毫秒，而两个对照组为1.84次/毫秒和2.18次/毫秒）和更短的扫描路径长度（2774.24像素，而两个对照组为3612.58像素和3985.43像素）可能会导致任务切换和信息处理困难。
