Stenert Cristina, de Mello Íris C M F, Pires Mateus M, Knauth Débora S, Katayama Naoki, Maltchik Leonardo
Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, UNISINOS, Unisinos Avenue, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93.022-750, Brazil.
Biodiversity Division, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jan 10;190(2):74. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6425-1.
The ability to recover to original states after disturbances makes macroinvertebrates useful tools for assessing the impacts of pesticides. Many studies showed that direct exposure to pesticides decreases macroinvertebrate richness and alters their composition. The main objective of this study was to assess recovery patterns in macroinvertebrate communities after pesticide application in irrigated rice fields. We analyzed short-term temporal dynamics of macroinvertebrate communities after application of the herbicides bispyribac-sodium and clomazone and the insecticide chlorantraniliprole, over the rice-growing season in southern Brazil. We selected three conventional rice fields and the recovery of macroinvertebrate communities was also compared with three adjacent natural ponds. The study was developed from November 2011 to February 2012 (rice-growing season). Five macroinvertebrate collections were carried out 3, 7, 14, 38, and 60 days after pesticide application (November 25). Rice fields showed lower richness and abundance than ponds in the period immediately after pesticide application, and recovery rates in the richness of macroinvertebrate communities were more conspicuous as pesticide residuals dissipated from the fields. Macroinvertebrate community structure in rice fields also became more similar to natural ponds as pesticide traces were scarcer. However, macroinvertebrate abundance patterns were not related to pesticide concentrations in the fields. Our results supported the general hypothesis on the negative effects of pesticide application on macroinvertebrate community in irrigated rice fields, although other environmental features (e.g., length of the flooded period) also contributed to explain temporal dynamics in the macroinvertebrate communities from irrigated rice fields.
在受到干扰后恢复到原始状态的能力，使大型无脊椎动物成为评估农药影响的有用工具。许多研究表明，直接接触农药会降低大型无脊椎动物的丰富度并改变其组成。本研究的主要目的是评估灌溉稻田施用农药后大型无脊椎动物群落的恢复模式。我们分析了在巴西南部水稻生长季节施用除草剂双草醚和异恶草酮以及杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺后大型无脊椎动物群落的短期时间动态。我们选择了三块常规稻田，并将大型无脊椎动物群落的恢复情况与三个相邻的天然池塘进行了比较。该研究于2011年11月至2012年2月（水稻生长季节）开展。在施用农药（11月25日）后的第3、7、14、38和60天进行了五次大型无脊椎动物采集。在施用农药后的 immediately immediately 时期，稻田的丰富度和丰度低于池塘，随着农药残留从田间消散，大型无脊椎动物群落丰富度的恢复率更为明显。随着农药痕迹变少，稻田中的大型无脊椎动物群落结构也变得更类似于天然池塘。然而，大型无脊椎动物的丰度模式与田间农药浓度无关。我们的结果支持了关于施用农药对灌溉稻田大型无脊椎动物群落产生负面影响的一般假设，尽管其他环境特征（例如，淹水期长度）也有助于解释灌溉稻田大型无脊椎动物群落的时间动态。 （注：原文中“immediately after pesticide application”处多了个“immediately”，翻译时按正确理解翻译）
