Bilen Mehmet Asim, Carlisle Jennifer W, Sonpavde Guru
a Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA.
b Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center , Birmingham , AL , USA.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2018 Feb;27(2):163-170. doi: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1427731. Epub 2018 Jan 24.
Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), patients still develop resistance to standard therapies and require the administration of subsequent lines of treatment. New therapeutic approaches are thus imperative to improve the prognosis for patients with RCC.
Based on the current literature, we summarize the treatment of metastatic RCC, including the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy, in this review article. We also review the existing scientific literature regarding the role of capecitabine in the treatment of RCC.
Currently, targeted therapies including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of metastatic RCC. More recently, the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been established in the treatment of advanced RCC. Traditionally, the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of RCC is limited. However, cytotoxic chemotherapy may have benefit in different types of RCC, such as variant histology. Furthermore, new combinations of chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide new treatment options for our patients.
尽管晚期肾细胞癌（RCC）的治疗已取得显著进展，但患者仍会对标准疗法产生耐药性，需要接受后续的治疗方案。因此，新的治疗方法对于改善RCC患者的预后至关重要。
在这篇综述文章中，基于当前文献，我们总结了转移性RCC的治疗方法，包括细胞毒性化疗的使用。我们还回顾了关于卡培他滨在RCC治疗中作用的现有科学文献。
目前，包括血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）抑制剂在内的靶向疗法广泛用于转移性RCC的治疗。最近，免疫检查点抑制剂在晚期RCC治疗中的作用已得到确立。传统上，细胞毒性化疗在RCC治疗中的应用有限。然而，细胞毒性化疗可能对不同类型的RCC有益，如组织学变异型。此外，化疗与免疫检查点抑制剂的新联合应用可能为我们的患者提供新的治疗选择。
