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核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究

核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究

Armstrong David A, Chippendale Debbie, Knight Allen W, Colt John E

Biol Bull. 1978 Feb;154(1):15-31. doi: 10.2307/1540771.

The toxicity of ammonia to Macrobrachium larvae was tested at pH 6.83, 7.60, and 8.34, and the respective 144 hr LC values were 80, 44, and 14 mg ammonia/liter. 2. Toxicity of ammonia was not due solely to the NH molecule. In solutions of different pH and equal NH concentrations, survival was greatly reduced as NH levels increased. 3. A model is proposed to explain the differential effect of ammonia as pH varies. At higher pH (8.4) toxicity results from copious diffusion of NH into larvae. At lower pH (6.8) toxicity is thought to result from competitive inhibition of Na transport by NH. 4. Retardation of growth was documented in sublethal concentrations of ammonia at 6.8 and 7.6. The average dry weight was about 26% less than that of controls (P < 0.05) after a seven day exposure. 5. Results are discussed relevant to the culture and maintenance of crustaceans, and it is concluded that ammonia will not pose a substantial threat in adequately managed systems.

在pH值为6.83、7.60和8.34的条件下测试了氨对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性，144小时的半数致死浓度分别为80、44和14毫克氨/升。2. 氨的毒性并非仅由NH分子所致。在不同pH值且NH浓度相同的溶液中，随着NH水平升高，存活率大幅降低。3. 提出了一个模型来解释随着pH值变化氨的不同作用效果。在较高pH值（8.4）时，毒性源于大量NH扩散进入幼体。在较低pH值（6.8）时，毒性被认为是由NH对钠转运的竞争性抑制导致的。4. 在pH值为6.8和7.6的亚致死氨浓度下记录到了生长迟缓。经过七天暴露后，平均干重比对照组约低26%（P < 0.05）。5. 讨论了与甲壳类动物养殖和饲养相关的结果，并得出结论：在管理得当的系统中，氨不会构成重大威胁。

Armstrong David A, Chippendale Debbie, Knight Allen W, Colt John E

Biol Bull. 1978 Feb;154(1):15-31. doi: 10.2307/1540771.

The toxicity of ammonia to Macrobrachium larvae was tested at pH 6.83, 7.60, and 8.34, and the respective 144 hr LC values were 80, 44, and 14 mg ammonia/liter. 2. Toxicity of ammonia was not due solely to the NH molecule. In solutions of different pH and equal NH concentrations, survival was greatly reduced as NH levels increased. 3. A model is proposed to explain the differential effect of ammonia as pH varies. At higher pH (8.4) toxicity results from copious diffusion of NH into larvae. At lower pH (6.8) toxicity is thought to result from competitive inhibition of Na transport by NH. 4. Retardation of growth was documented in sublethal concentrations of ammonia at 6.8 and 7.6. The average dry weight was about 26% less than that of controls (P < 0.05) after a seven day exposure. 5. Results are discussed relevant to the culture and maintenance of crustaceans, and it is concluded that ammonia will not pose a substantial threat in adequately managed systems.

在pH值为6.83、7.60和8.34的条件下测试了氨对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性，144小时的半数致死浓度分别为80、44和14毫克氨/升。2. 氨的毒性并非仅由NH分子所致。在不同pH值且NH浓度相同的溶液中，随着NH水平升高，存活率大幅降低。3. 提出了一个模型来解释随着pH值变化氨的不同作用效果。在较高pH值（8.4）时，毒性源于大量NH扩散进入幼体。在较低pH值（6.8）时，毒性被认为是由NH对钠转运的竞争性抑制导致的。4. 在pH值为6.8和7.6的亚致死氨浓度下记录到了生长迟缓。经过七天暴露后，平均干重比对照组约低26%（P < 0.05）。5. 讨论了与甲壳类动物养殖和饲养相关的结果，并得出结论：在管理得当的系统中，氨不会构成重大威胁。