Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
Exp Gerontol. 2018 Mar;103:94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
To investigate the impact of a multicomponent exercise program on anthropometry, physical function, and physical activity on older adults living in long-term nursing homes (LTNH), we conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 112 participants aged 84.9 ± 6.9 years. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). The IG participated in a 3-month multicomponent exercise intervention focused on strength, balance, stretching exercises, and walking recommendations. Subjects in the CG participated in routine activities. Analyses of outcome parameters were performed in the entire sample and in two subgroups, classified according to participants' physical function score at baseline. The group-by-time interaction, favoring the IG, was significant for the entire sample and for the participants in the low physical function subgroup for the following parameters: waist circumference, 30-s chair-stand, arm-curl, 8-ft timed up-and-go, SPPB score, gait speed, and Berg scale (p < .05). In participants with higher physical function at baseline, significant group-by-time interaction was observed in the SPPB score and Berg scale (p < .05). When differences were analyzed within groups, the IG maintained or improved in all assessed parameters, while participants in the CG showed a marked decline. Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for older people living in LTNH. This is especially relevant in those with lower physical function scores. The lower efficacy of the program in participants with better function might be due to the insufficient exercise demands of our intervention for more fit residents. Future studies should analyze the effects of programs with higher intensities in older people with intermediate to high physical function.
为了调查多组分运动方案对长期护理院（LTNH）中老年人的人体测量学、身体机能和身体活动的影响，我们进行了一项随机对照试验，涉及 112 名年龄为 84.9±6.9 岁的参与者。参与者被随机分配到干预组（IG）或对照组（CG）。IG 参加了为期 3 个月的多组分运动干预，重点是力量、平衡、伸展运动和步行建议。CG 组的参与者参加常规活动。在整个样本和根据基线身体功能评分分类的两个亚组中，对结果参数进行了分析。整个样本和低身体功能亚组的组间时间交互作用均有利于 IG，对于以下参数：腰围、30 秒坐立起身、手臂卷曲、8 英尺计时起立和行走测试、简易体能测试评分、步速和伯格平衡量表（p<0.05）。在基线身体功能较高的参与者中，在简易体能测试评分和伯格平衡量表中观察到显著的组间时间交互作用（p<0.05）。当在组内分析差异时，IG 在所有评估的参数中保持或改善，而 CG 组的参与者则明显下降。我们的研究表明，多组分运动方案对 LTNH 中的老年人有效。对于身体功能评分较低的老年人来说，这一点尤为重要。对于身体功能较好的参与者，方案的效果较低可能是由于我们的干预措施对更健康的居民的运动需求不足。未来的研究应该分析在身体功能处于中等至高水平的老年人中，进行更高强度的方案的效果。
