Mandić-Gajić Gordana, Špirić Željko
Vojnosanit Pregl. 2016 Aug;73(8):757-63. doi: 10.2298/VSP150512083M.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Art therapy and drawings may serve as alternative means of expression and release from trauma among veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The retrospective clinical study of drawings of war veterans was performed. A total of 89 war veterans met the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) PTSD criteria and were consecutively admitted to the Day Hospital during 5 years. Art group therapy as part of integrative treatment was performed once a week. The group was open and heterogeneous. Qualitative analysis of drawings content and group protocols were obtained. The drawings were made by free associations. War related themes were explored and descriptive statistics were applied.
The most frequent type of common themes of combat stress presented battle and witnessing wounded and killed combatants. Less frequent were themes of graves, destroyed cities and broken trees. The veterans preferred black and red colors with association to death, blood, wounds and destroyed objects.
Drawing could provide a unique, complex, visual illustration of war traumatic experiences and memories of posttraumatic stress disorder veterans. Art group discussion might enhance war veterans’ verbal expression due to group support in safe setting. As adjuvant psychotherapy, art group therapy could enrich awareness and the ability of clinicians to treat hard posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms related to uncovered war trauma.
背景/目的：艺术疗法和绘画可作为被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的退伍军人表达情感和释放创伤的替代方式。
对退伍军人的绘画作品进行回顾性临床研究。共有89名退伍军人符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-IV）的PTSD标准，并在5年期间连续入住日间医院。作为综合治疗一部分的艺术团体治疗每周进行一次。该团体是开放且异质性的。对绘画内容和团体记录进行了定性分析。绘画通过自由联想完成。探讨了与战争相关的主题并应用了描述性统计。
战斗应激常见主题中最频繁出现的类型是战斗以及目睹受伤和死亡的战斗人员。出现频率较低的主题是坟墓、被摧毁的城市和折断的树木。退伍军人更喜欢与死亡、血液、伤口和被摧毁物体相关的黑色和红色。
绘画可以为创伤后应激障碍退伍军人的战争创伤经历和记忆提供独特、复杂的视觉呈现。艺术团体讨论可能会因安全环境中的团体支持而增强退伍军人的言语表达。作为辅助心理治疗，艺术团体治疗可以丰富临床医生对与未被揭示的战争创伤相关的严重创伤后应激障碍症状的认识和治疗能力。
