de Andrade Rafael Dos Santos, Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros, El Bizri Hani Rocha, Vicente Wilter Ricardo Russiano, Guimarães Diva Anelie de Araujo, Mayor Pedro
Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
Theriogenology. 2018 Apr 1;110:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.022. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
The intrauterine development is an evolutionary strategy that prepares the neonate for extra-uterine life, thus providing important information on the life history of species. In this study, we described the external and internal morphology of 25 fetuses of Poeppig's woolly monkeys (Lagothrix poeppigii) by taking advantage of a 10-year participatory collection of biological samples originated from animals hunted for subsistence purposes in the Peruvian Amazon. Logistic regressions estimated the probability of occurrence of each external morphological characteristic in relation to the crown-rump length (CRL). The presence of nails, closed eyelids, differentiated genitalia and formed limbs with separation of the digits were observed in all analyzed fetuses (≥4.2 cm CRL). The other characteristics appeared in the following order: skin with epidermal pigmentation, oral and nasal mucosal pigmentation, tactile pelage and covering pelage. Although advanced fetuses (>15.8 cm CRL) showed most fetal external characteristics, they were not fully developed and no specimen showed tooth eruption or opened eyelids. The growth formula used to determine fetal age was ∛W = 0.042 (t - 45), with a high linear relationship between CRL and gestational age. All associations between the external biometry, absolute volume of internal organs and the CRL had a high coefficient of determination. Advanced fetuses and adults showed similar relative volume of thoracic and abdominal organs, except for thymus and the liver with a higher and lower relative volume, respectively. The relative volume of the tubular gastrointestinal tract and the thymus had a constant increase along fetal development, and the liver showed a significant decrease. This study describes important morphological events for understanding the gestational development in the Lagothrix genus. In addition, these results may be useful to improve imaging techniques, contributing to the in situ and ex situ reproductive management of this highly hunted species in the Amazon.
子宫内发育是一种进化策略，它使新生儿为宫外生活做好准备，从而提供有关物种生活史的重要信息。在本研究中，我们利用了10年参与式收集的生物样本，这些样本来自于在秘鲁亚马逊地区因生存目的而被猎杀的动物，描述了25只波氏绒毛猴（Lagothrix poeppigii）胎儿的外部和内部形态。逻辑回归估计了每个外部形态特征相对于顶臀长度（CRL）出现的概率。在所有分析的胎儿（CRL≥4.2厘米）中均观察到指甲、闭合的眼睑、分化的生殖器以及形成的四肢且手指分开。其他特征按以下顺序出现：有表皮色素沉着的皮肤、口腔和鼻粘膜色素沉着、触觉性被毛和覆盖性被毛。尽管晚期胎儿（CRL>15.8厘米）表现出大多数胎儿外部特征，但它们并未完全发育，且没有标本显示出牙或眼睑张开。用于确定胎儿年龄的生长公式为∛W = 0.042（t - 45），CRL与胎龄之间存在高度线性关系。外部生物测量、内部器官绝对体积与CRL之间的所有关联都有很高的决定系数。晚期胎儿和成年个体的胸腹部器官相对体积相似，除了胸腺和肝脏，其相对体积分别较高和较低。管状胃肠道和胸腺的相对体积在胎儿发育过程中持续增加，而肝脏则显著减少。本研究描述了对于理解绒毛猴属妊娠发育重要的形态学事件。此外，这些结果可能有助于改进成像技术，为这种在亚马逊地区被大量猎杀的物种的原地和迁地繁殖管理做出贡献。
