Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2018 Oct;53:122-129. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.003. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Realizing the economic benefits of alternative substrates for commodity chemical bioproduction typically requires significant metabolic engineering of common model organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A growing toolkit is enabling engineering of non-conventional yeast that have robust native metabolism for xylose, acetate, aromatics, and waste lipids. Scheffersomyces stipitis was engineered to produce itaconic acid from xylose. Yarrowia lipolytica produced lipids from dilute acetate at over 100g/L. Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus was engineered to produce omega-3 fatty acids and recently was shown to accumulate nearly 70% lipids when grown on aromatics as a carbon source. Further improvement to toolkits for genetic engineering of non-conventional yeast will enable future development of alternative substrate conversion to biochemicals.
实现商品化学生物生产替代基质的经济效益通常需要对常见的模式生物（如酿酒酵母）进行大量的代谢工程改造。一个不断发展的工具包正在使非传统酵母的工程化成为可能，这些酵母具有用于木糖、醋酸盐、芳烃和废油脂的强大天然代谢途径。谢氏丙酸杆菌被工程改造为能够从木糖生产衣康酸。解脂耶氏酵母能够利用稀醋酸盐生产超过 100g/L 的油脂。产油油脂酵母被工程改造为能够生产ω-3 脂肪酸，最近的研究表明，当以芳烃作为碳源生长时，其脂质积累接近 70%。进一步改进非传统酵母遗传工程工具包将能够实现替代基质向生物化学物质转化的未来发展。
