Saadat Saeideh, Shakeri Farzaneh, Boskabady Mohammad Hossein
Altern Ther Health Med. 2018 Jul;24(4):36-49.
The cough is a protective reflex, with 2 types, one being more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and the other to chemical stimulation, such as sulfur dioxide, ammonia, citric acid, and capsaicin. Some evidence is available that suppressant therapy is most effective when used for the short-term reduction of coughing. Today, use of herbal drugs is increasing all over the world for various ailments, including to provide antitussive activity.
The study intended to review the antitussive effects of various extracts, some fractions, and some constituents of the studied medicinal plants.
Various databases, including the Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies published between 1978 and 2015, using the keywords antitussive and cough and the names of various medicinal plants and their constituents.
The study took place in the districts related to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran).
The antitussive effects of medicinal plants and their constituents were normalized to 50 mg/kg and 1 mg/mL against various cough stimulants and compared.
The most potent antitussive effect was observed for Nigella sativa and Linum usitatissimum on coughs induced by sulfur dioxide. Artemisia absinthium showed a higher antitussive effect on cough induced by ammonia compared with the other studied medicinal plants. The antitussive effects of Cuminum cyminum and Glycyrrhiza glabra were more potent on cough induced by citric acid than other medicinal plants.
These results suggest the therapeutic potential of the studied medicinal plants as antitussive therapies. However, only a few clinical studies have examined the antitussive effects of medicinal plants, and more clinical studies are needed. The underlying mechanisms of the antitussive effects of medicinal plants should be also examined in further studies.
咳嗽是一种保护性反射，有两种类型，一种对机械刺激更敏感，另一种对化学刺激更敏感，如二氧化硫、氨、柠檬酸和辣椒素。有证据表明，抑制疗法在短期减轻咳嗽时最为有效。如今，世界各地使用草药治疗各种疾病的情况日益增多，包括用于止咳。
本研究旨在综述所研究药用植物的各种提取物、部分提取物和部分成分的止咳作用。
检索了包括Medline、Science Direct、Scopus和谷歌学术在内的各种数据库，以查找1978年至2015年间发表的研究，使用的关键词为“止咳”“咳嗽”以及各种药用植物及其成分的名称。
该研究在与马什哈德医科大学相关的地区（伊朗马什哈德）进行。
将药用植物及其成分的止咳作用以50毫克/千克和1毫克/毫升的剂量针对各种咳嗽刺激物进行标准化，并进行比较。
观察到黑种草和亚麻籽对二氧化硫诱发的咳嗽具有最强的止咳作用。与其他所研究的药用植物相比，苦艾对氨诱发的咳嗽显示出更高的止咳作用。孜然和甘草对柠檬酸诱发的咳嗽的止咳作用比其他药用植物更强。
这些结果表明所研究的药用植物作为止咳疗法具有治疗潜力。然而，只有少数临床研究考察了药用植物的止咳作用，需要更多的临床研究。药用植物止咳作用的潜在机制也应在进一步研究中进行考察。
