Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
Talanta. 2018 Apr 1;180:211-228. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.043. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
The research and applications of immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) have become more and more widespread due to the numerous advantages like reusability, easy handling, prolonged lifetime, easy separation from products and substrate specificity. The miniaturized form of these reactors (microchip IMERs) received outstanding attention due to their special features and advantages over the traditional, larger analytical systems. Large specific surface is essential for the efficient operation of the microreactors, thus these devices include one of the several types of porous solid supports, but in this work only the particle based microchip IMERs are reviewed. A very large variety of micro- or nanoparticles (beads) have been used in the microchip IMERs, however, incorporating these particles into microchips is still a challenge, because the common procedures used for the preparation of chromatographic columns are not well applicable at the microscopic level. Many detection systems were applied with microchip IMERs using on-chip or off-chip arrangement. The combination of microchip IMERs with mass spectrometry is particularly popular, because in these systems high-throughput analysis can be achieved by which the proteomic studies can be largely accelerated. In most chip IMER-MS systems, the chips are used for sample pretreatment including analyte (protein) digestion, preconcentration of analyte, removal of matrix materials. Additional applications of the IMERs - like the rapid protein digestion with proteolytic enzymes, the transformation of analytes to a more easily or more sensitively measurable form (detection signal amplification) and the design of microarrays/biosensors to analyze antigens based on specific interactions in immunoanalytical studies - are also reviewed.
固定化酶反应器（IMER）的研究和应用由于其可重复使用、易于处理、寿命延长、易于与产物和底物分离以及底物特异性等众多优点而变得越来越广泛。这些反应器的微型化形式（微芯片 IMER）因其特殊的特点和优于传统的、更大的分析系统的优点而受到了极大的关注。大的比表面积对于微反应器的高效运行是必不可少的，因此这些设备包括几种多孔固体载体之一，但在这项工作中只回顾了基于颗粒的微芯片 IMER。在微芯片 IMER 中已经使用了非常多种类的微或纳米颗粒（珠），然而，将这些颗粒纳入微芯片仍然是一个挑战，因为用于制备色谱柱的常见程序在微观水平上并不适用。许多检测系统与微芯片 IMER 一起使用，无论是在芯片上还是在芯片外进行布置。微芯片 IMER 与质谱联用尤其受欢迎，因为在这些系统中可以通过高通量分析来实现蛋白质组学研究的大大加速。在大多数芯片 IMER-MS 系统中，芯片用于样品预处理，包括分析物（蛋白质）的消化、分析物的预浓缩、基质材料的去除。IMER 的其他应用，如用蛋白酶快速蛋白质消化、将分析物转化为更易于或更灵敏测量的形式（检测信号放大）以及设计微阵列/生物传感器基于免疫分析研究中的特定相互作用来分析抗原，也进行了回顾。
