RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2709-2194, USA.
Integrated CMC Solutions, LLC, 1289 Fordham Blvd Suite 201, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
Harm Reduct J. 2018 Jan 15;15(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12954-017-0207-5.
When shared by people who inject drugs, needles and syringes with different dead space may affect the probability of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission differently.
We measured dead space in 56 needle and syringe combinations obtained from needle and syringe programs across 17 countries in Europe and Asia. We also calculated the amounts of blood and HIV that would remain in different combinations following injection and rinsing.
Syringe barrel capacities ranged from 0.5 to 20 mL. Needles ranged in length from 8 to 38 mm. The average dead space was 3 μL in low dead space syringes with permanently attached needles, 13 μL in high dead space syringes with low dead space needles, 45 μL in low dead space syringes with high dead space needles, and 99 μL in high dead space syringes with high dead space needles. Among low dead space designs, calculated volumes of blood and HIV viral burden were lowest for low dead space syringes with permanently attached needles and highest for low dead space syringes with high dead space needles.
The dead space in different low dead space needle and syringe combinations varied substantially. To reduce HIV transmission related to syringe sharing, needle and syringe programs need to combine this knowledge with the needs of their clients.
当注射毒品者共享带有不同死腔的针头和注射器时，死腔可能会以不同的方式影响 HIV 和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的传播概率。
我们测量了来自欧洲和亚洲 17 个国家的针具交换项目中获得的 56 个针头和注射器组合的死腔。我们还计算了在注射和冲洗后不同组合中残留的血液和 HIV 量。
注射器筒的容量范围从 0.5 毫升到 20 毫升。针头的长度从 8 毫米到 38 毫米不等。带有永久性针头的低死腔注射器的平均死腔为 3 微升，低死腔针头的高死腔注射器为 13 微升，高死腔针头的低死腔注射器为 45 微升，高死腔针头的高死腔注射器为 99 微升。在低死腔设计中，对于带有永久性针头的低死腔注射器，计算出的血液和 HIV 病毒载量最低，而对于带有高死腔针头的低死腔注射器，计算出的血液和 HIV 病毒载量最高。
不同低死腔针头和注射器组合的死腔差异很大。为了减少与注射器共享相关的 HIV 传播，针具交换项目需要将这一知识与客户的需求结合起来。
