European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018 May;19(5):327-341. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.130. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are typically thought of as proteins that bind RNA through one or multiple globular RNA-binding domains (RBDs) and change the fate or function of the bound RNAs. Several hundred such RBPs have been discovered and investigated over the years. Recent proteome-wide studies have more than doubled the number of proteins implicated in RNA binding and uncovered hundreds of additional RBPs lacking conventional RBDs. In this Review, we discuss these new RBPs and the emerging understanding of their unexpected modes of RNA binding, which can be mediated by intrinsically disordered regions, protein-protein interaction interfaces and enzymatic cores, among others. We also discuss the RNA targets and molecular and cellular functions of the new RBPs, as well as the possibility that some RBPs may be regulated by RNA rather than regulate RNA.
RNA 结合蛋白（RBPs）通常被认为是通过一个或多个球形 RNA 结合域（RBD）结合 RNA 并改变结合 RNA 命运或功能的蛋白质。多年来，已经发现并研究了数百种这样的 RBPs。最近的蛋白质组范围内的研究使涉及 RNA 结合的蛋白质数量增加了一倍以上，并发现了数百种缺乏传统 RBD 的额外 RBPs。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些新的 RBPs 以及对其 RNA 结合方式的新认识，这些方式可以通过内在无序区域、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用界面和酶核心等介导。我们还讨论了新 RBPs 的 RNA 靶标和分子及细胞功能，以及一些 RBPs 可能受 RNA 调节而不是调节 RNA 的可能性。
