Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros, Knechtle Beat
a Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Nikaia , Greece.
b Medbase St. Gallen am Vadianplatz , St. Gallen , Switzerland.
Phys Sportsmed. 2018 Sep;46(3):367-373. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1430450. Epub 2018 Jan 24.
Pacing strategies have mainly been investigated for runners, but little is known for cross-country skiers. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether differences in pacing strategies do exist between younger and older cross-country skiers competing in the 42 km 'Engadin Ski Marathon'.
Pacing was studied in 105,565 cross-country skiers (classified in 5-year age groups) competing between 1998 and 2016 in this race by examining changes of mean section velocity in 10 km (Change A, i.e. 100×(velocity in the 10-20 km section - velocity in the 0-10 km section)/velocity in the 0-10 km section), 20 km (Change B) and 35 km (Change C).
A small sex×distance (i.e. Change A versus Change B versus Change C) interaction on change of velocity was shown (P < .001, η = 0.016), with women showing a less even pacing than men. In women, there was a trivial main effect of age group on Change A (P < .001, η = 0.008) with a smaller decrease in velocity in age group <20 (-7.4%) and larger decrease in velocity in age group 75-79 (-12.8%), and Change B (P = .006, η = 0.004) with smaller increase in velocity in age group 75-79 (+30.6%) and larger increase in velocity in age group 40-44 (+37.7%), but not on Change C (P = .784, η = 0.003). In men, a small main effect of age group on Change A was shown (P < .001, η = 0.019), with a smaller decrease of velocity in age group <20 (-3.5%) and larger in age group 70-74 (-10.5%). Trivial main effects of age group on Change B (P < .001, η = .002), with a smaller increase of velocity in age group 85-89 (+25.8%) and larger increase in age group 70-74 (+33.0%), and Change C (P < .001, η = 0.003), with smaller decrease of velocity in age group 85-89 (-38.2%) and larger decrease in age group 80-84 (-41.0%), were found.
Based on these findings, it was concluded that men and young cross-country skiers had a more even pacing than women and older cross-country skiers, which was in contrast with previous findings in other endurance sports, suggesting that the sex- and age-related differences in pacing might be sport-dependent.
配速策略主要是针对跑步者进行研究的，而对于越野滑雪者了解甚少。本研究的目的是调查参加42公里“恩嘎丁滑雪马拉松”的年轻和年长越野滑雪者在配速策略上是否存在差异。
通过检查1998年至2016年参加该比赛的105565名越野滑雪者（按5岁年龄组分类）在10公里（变化A，即100×（10 - 20公里区间速度 - 0 - 10公里区间速度）/0 - 10公里区间速度）、20公里（变化B）和35公里（变化C）的平均区间速度变化来研究配速。
在速度变化方面显示出较小的性别×距离（即变化A与变化B与变化C）交互作用（P <.001，η = 0.016），女性的配速不如男性均匀。在女性中，年龄组对变化A有微小的主效应（P <.001，η = 0.008），20岁以下年龄组速度下降较小（-7.4%），75 - 79岁年龄组速度下降较大（-12.8%）；对变化B有主效应（P =.006，η = 0.004），75 - 79岁年龄组速度增加较小（+30.6%），40 - 44岁年龄组速度增加较大（+37.7%），但对变化C无主效应（P =.784，η = 0.003）。在男性中，年龄组对变化A有较小的主效应（P <.001，η = 0.019），20岁以下年龄组速度下降较小（-3.5%），70 - 74岁年龄组速度下降较大（-10.5%）。年龄组对变化B有微小的主效应（P <.001，η =.0
