Li Geng, Quan H T, Tu Z C
Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Phys Rev E. 2017 Jul;96(1-1):012144. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.012144. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
In conventional thermodynamics, it is widely acknowledged that the realization of an isothermal process for a system requires a quasistatic controlling protocol. Here we propose and design a strategy to realize a finite-rate isothermal transition from an equilibrium state to another one at the same temperature, which is named the "shortcut to isothermality." By using shortcuts to isothermality, we derive three nonequilibrium work relations, including an identity between the free-energy difference and the mean work due to the potential of the original system, a Jarzynski-like equality, and the inverse relationship between the dissipated work and the total driving time. We numerically test these three relations by considering the motion of a Brownian particle trapped in a harmonic potential and dragged by a time-dependent force.
在传统热力学中，人们普遍认为，要实现系统的等温过程需要一个准静态控制协议。在此，我们提出并设计了一种策略，以实现从一个平衡态到同一温度下另一个平衡态的有限速率等温转变，我们将其命名为“等温捷径”。通过使用等温捷径，我们推导出三个非平衡功关系，包括自由能差与原系统势引起的平均功之间的恒等式、一个类似雅尔津斯基等式以及耗散功与总驱动时间之间的反比关系。我们通过考虑被困在简谐势中并受到随时间变化的力拖动的布朗粒子的运动，对这三个关系进行了数值检验。
