Network Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Phys Rev E. 2017 Dec;96(6-1):062302. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.062302. Epub 2017 Dec 4.
Connectivity, or the lack thereof, is crucial for the function of many man-made systems, from financial and economic networks over epidemic spreading in social networks to technical infrastructure. Often, connections are deliberately established or removed to induce, maintain, or destroy global connectivity. Thus, there has been a great interest in understanding how to control percolation, the transition to large-scale connectivity. Previous work, however, studied control strategies assuming unlimited resources. Here, we depart from this unrealistic assumption and consider the effect of limited resources on the effectiveness of control. We show that, even for scarce resources, percolation can be controlled with an efficient intervention strategy. We derive such an efficient strategy and study its implications, revealing a discontinuous transition as an unintended side effect of optimal control.
连通性或缺乏连通性对许多人为系统的功能至关重要，从金融和经济网络到社会网络中的传染病传播，再到技术基础设施。通常，连接是故意建立或删除的，以诱导、维持或破坏全局连通性。因此，人们非常有兴趣了解如何控制渗流，即向大规模连通性的转变。然而，以前的工作研究了假设资源无限的控制策略。在这里，我们背离了这一不切实际的假设，并考虑了资源有限对控制效果的影响。我们表明，即使资源稀缺，也可以通过有效的干预策略来控制渗流。我们推导出这样一种有效的策略，并研究了它的含义，揭示了最优控制的一个意想不到的副作用，即不连续的转变。
