Bugarski A D, Hummer J A, Vanderslice S E
A.D. Bugarski, member SME, J.A. Hummer and S.E. Vanderslice are senior research engineer, engineering technician and engineering technician, respectively, at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Mining Research Division (PMRD), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Min Eng. 2017 Dec;69(12):43-49. doi: 10.19150/me.7918.
The results of laboratory evaluations were used to compare the potential of two alternative, biomass-derived fuels as a control strategy to reduce the exposure of underground miners to aerosols and gases emitted by diesel-powered equipment. The effects of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil renewable diesel (HVORD) on criteria aerosol and gaseous emissions from an older-technology, naturally aspirated, mechanically controlled engine equipped with a diesel oxidation catalytic converter were compared with those of widely used petroleum-derived, ultralow-sulfur diesels (ULSDs). The emissions were characterized for four selected steady-state conditions. When fueled with FAME biodiesel and HVORD, the engine emitted less aerosols by total particulate mass, total carbon mass, elemental carbon mass and total number than when it was fueled with ULSDs. Compared with ULSDs, FAME biodiesel and HVORD produced aerosols that were characterized by single modal distributions, smaller count median diameters, and lower total and peak concentrations. For the majority of test cases, FAME biodiesel and HVORD favorably affected nitric oxide (NO) and adversely affected nitrogen dioxide (NO) generation. Therefore, the use of these alternative fuels appears to be a viable tool for the underground mining industry to address the issues related to emissions from diesel engines, and to transition toward more universal solutions provided by advanced engines with integrated exhaust after treatment technologies.
实验室评估结果被用于比较两种生物质衍生的替代燃料作为控制策略，以减少地下矿工接触柴油动力设备排放的气溶胶和气体的可能性。将脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）生物柴油和加氢处理植物油可再生柴油（HVORD）对配备柴油氧化催化转化器的旧技术、自然吸气、机械控制发动机的标准气溶胶和气态排放的影响，与广泛使用的石油衍生超低硫柴油（ULSD）的影响进行了比较。对四个选定的稳态条件下的排放进行了表征。当使用FAME生物柴油和HVORD作为燃料时，发动机排放的气溶胶在总颗粒物质量、总碳质量、元素碳质量和总数方面比使用ULSD作为燃料时更少。与ULSD相比，FAME生物柴油和HVORD产生的气溶胶具有单峰分布、较小的计数中值直径以及较低的总浓度和峰值浓度的特征。在大多数测试案例中，FAME生物柴油和HVORD对一氧化氮（NO）产生有利影响，对二氧化氮（NO₂）产生不利影响。因此，使用这些替代燃料似乎是地下采矿业解决与柴油发动机排放相关问题，并向采用集成排气后处理技术的先进发动机提供的更通用解决方案过渡的可行工具。
