School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Apr 30;151:228-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.063. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
Dietary intake of metal(loid)s can seriously affect human health, but the levels, the bioaccumulation, sources and related health risks of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in cultivated lilies, particularly for Lilium davidii var. unicolor, remain unresolved. We collected 35 lily samples aged 1-6 years from farmlands of two types of soil (heilu soils and loessal soils) in Qilihe district in 2016 and analysed the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in bulbs, the soil-bulb bioaccumulation and the potential sources of these elements in bulbs. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks by consuming lilies were also assessed. Concentrations of four elements decreased in the order of Cr > Pb > Cd > As, and soil-bulb BCFs in the order of BCF > BCF > BCF > BCF The Cd concentration of bulbs of lilies which grew in heilu soils was statistically higher than that of bulbs of lilies which grew in loessal soils, and the Cd concentration of bulbs of lilies aged 1-3 years was statistically higher than that of bulbs of lilies aged 4-6 years. Levels and soil-bulb BCFs of Cr and Pb of two-bulbed lilies were statistically higher than those of one-bulbed lilies. Farmyard manure may be a primary source of Cd in soil. There existed overall potential non-carcinogenic effects by exposure to the combination of four elements. Dietary intake of Cr posed carcinogenic risks to both adults and children. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were higher for adults than children. Concluding, the edible parts of lily were significantly polluted by Cr and Pb but not by As and Cd. The number of bulbs significantly impacted concentrations and soil-bulb BCFs of Cr and Pb, but the reason for which needs further studies. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks caused by lily consumption should not be neglected.
膳食中金属（类）的摄入会严重影响人类健康，但对于栽培百合，尤其是兰州百合中砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）和铅（Pb）的水平、生物累积、来源和相关健康风险仍不清楚。我们于 2016 年在七里河区采集了两种土壤（黑垆土和黄土）农田中 1-6 年生的 35 个百合样品，分析了鳞茎中 As、Cd、Cr 和 Pb 的浓度、鳞茎-土壤的生物累积以及这些元素在鳞茎中的潜在来源。还评估了食用百合的非致癌和致癌风险。四种元素的浓度顺序为 Cr > Pb > Cd > As，BCF 顺序为 BCF > BCF > BCF > BCF。黑垆土中生长的百合鳞茎中 Cd 浓度明显高于黄土中生长的百合鳞茎，1-3 年生百合鳞茎中 Cd 浓度明显高于 4-6 年生百合鳞茎。两鳞茎百合的 Cr 和 Pb 水平和鳞茎-土壤 BCF 明显高于一鳞茎百合。农田粪肥可能是土壤中 Cd 的主要来源。四种元素的联合暴露存在潜在的非致癌作用。膳食摄入 Cr 对成人和儿童均有致癌风险。成人的非致癌和致癌风险均高于儿童。综上所述，百合的可食用部分受到 Cr 和 Pb 的显著污染，但不受 As 和 Cd 的污染。鳞茎数量显著影响 Cr 和 Pb 的浓度和鳞茎-土壤 BCF，但需要进一步研究其原因。食用百合引起的非致癌和致癌风险不容忽视。
