Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
Cancer Lett. 2018 Apr 10;419:222-232. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.044. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involving large protein degradation by a ubiquitous autophagosomic signaling pathway, which is essential for cellular homeostasis. It is triggered by environmental factors such as stress, lack of nutrients, inflammation, and eliminating intracellular pathogens. Although the mechanisms underlying autophagy are still unclear, increasing evidence illuminates the magnitude of autophagy in a wide range of physiological processes and human diseases. Simultaneously, research community has focused on the triggering of autophagy by the internalization of engineered nanomaterials, which indicates a new line of revolution in cancer cure. However, most studies on nanoparticle-induced autophagy focus on brain, breast, and cervical cancers; limited reports are available on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Therefore, the aim of this mini review is to discuss in detail the role of autophagy in GI malignancy and the status of research on nanoparticle-induced autophagy.
自噬是一种保守的分解代谢过程，涉及通过普遍存在的自噬体信号通路对大型蛋白质进行降解，这对于细胞内稳态至关重要。它由环境因素触发，如应激、缺乏营养、炎症和清除细胞内病原体。尽管自噬的机制尚不清楚，但越来越多的证据表明自噬在广泛的生理过程和人类疾病中具有重要作用。同时，研究界也关注工程纳米材料内化引发的自噬，这为癌症治疗带来了新的突破。然而，大多数关于纳米颗粒诱导自噬的研究都集中在脑癌、乳腺癌和宫颈癌上；关于胃肠道（GI）癌症的报道有限。因此，本篇综述的目的是详细讨论自噬在胃肠道恶性肿瘤中的作用以及纳米颗粒诱导自噬的研究现状。
