Department of Clinical Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China.
Institute of Pharmaceutics Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Feb 12;8(7):2002545. doi: 10.1002/advs.202002545. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to its aggressiveness and the challenge to early diagnosis and treatment. In recent decades, nanomaterials have received increasing attention for diagnosis and therapy of PDAC. However, these designs are mainly focused on the macroscopic tumor therapeutic effect, while the crucial nano-bio interactions in the heterogeneous microenvironment of PDAC remain poorly understood. As a result, the majority of potent nanomedicines show limited performance in ameliorating PDAC in clinical translation. Therefore, exploiting the unique nature of the PDAC by detecting potential biomarkers together with a deep understanding of nano-bio interactions that occur in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal to the design of PDAC-tailored effective nanomedicine. This review will introduce tailor-made nanomaterials-enabled laboratory tests and advanced noninvasive imaging technologies for early and accurate diagnosis of PDAC. Moreover, the fabrication of a myriad of tailor-made nanomaterials for various PDAC therapeutic modalities will be reviewed. Furthermore, much preferred theranostic multifunctional nanomaterials for imaging-guided therapies of PDAC will be elaborated. Lastly, the prospects of these nanomaterials in terms of clinical translation and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是全球最致命的癌症之一，其侵袭性强，早期诊断和治疗困难。近几十年来，纳米材料在 PDAC 的诊断和治疗方面受到越来越多的关注。然而，这些设计主要集中在宏观肿瘤的治疗效果上，而对 PDAC 异质微环境中关键的纳米-生物相互作用仍了解甚少。因此，大多数有效的纳米药物在改善临床转化中的 PDAC 方面表现出有限的性能。因此，通过检测潜在的生物标志物并深入了解肿瘤微环境中发生的纳米-生物相互作用，利用 PDAC 的独特性质来设计针对 PDAC 的有效纳米药物至关重要。本综述将介绍用于 PDAC 早期和准确诊断的定制纳米材料的实验室检测和先进的无创成像技术。此外，还将综述用于各种 PDAC 治疗方式的各种定制纳米材料的制备。此外，还将详细阐述用于 PDAC 成像引导治疗的更受欢迎的治疗诊断多功能纳米材料。最后，简要讨论了这些纳米材料在临床转化和潜在突破方面的前景。
