Rund Bjorn Rishovd
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.
Scand J Psychol. 2018 Feb;59(1):49-58. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12414.
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts very early. In this review we describe the empirical evidence for the neurodevelopmental model. First, by outlining the roots of psychological research that laid the foundation of the model. Thereafter, describing cognitive dysfunction observed in schizophrenia, and the course of cognitive functioning in the illness. Then, research findings that speak for and studies that speak against the view that schizophrenia is a degenerative process is discussed. We find that there is ample evidence that cognitive disturbance is a core element in schizophrenia. However, we have limited understanding of what initiates the abnormal development. This the paper ends with pointing out some of the factors that may trigger the deviant neurocognitive development in schizophrenia.
精神分裂症是一种很早就开始的神经发育障碍。在这篇综述中，我们描述了神经发育模型的实证依据。首先，概述为该模型奠定基础的心理学研究根源。此后，描述精神分裂症中观察到的认知功能障碍以及该疾病中认知功能的发展过程。然后，讨论支持和反对精神分裂症是一种退行性过程这一观点的研究结果。我们发现有充分证据表明认知障碍是精神分裂症的核心要素。然而，我们对引发异常发育的因素了解有限。本文最后指出了一些可能引发精神分裂症中异常神经认知发展的因素。
