Ruggeri Azzurra, Vagharchakian Laurianne, Xu Fei
MPRG iSearch|Information Search, Ecological and Active Learning Research With Children, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
School of Education, Technical University Munich, Germany.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2018 Jun;36(2):313-333. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12233. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
We investigated the effects of two context variables, presentation format (icon arrays or numerical frequencies) and time limitation (limited or unlimited time), on the proportional reasoning abilities of children aged 7 and 10 years, as well as adults. Participants had to select, between two sets of tokens, the one that offered the highest likelihood of drawing a gold token, that is, the set of elements with the greater proportion of gold tokens. Results show that participants performed better in the unlimited time condition. Moreover, besides a general developmental improvement in accuracy, our results show that younger children performed better when proportions were presented as icon arrays, whereas older children and adults were similarly accurate in the two presentation format conditions. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? There is a developmental improvement in proportional reasoning accuracy. Icon arrays facilitate reasoning in adults with low numeracy. What does this study add? Participants were more accurate when they were given more time to make the proportional judgement. Younger children's proportional reasoning was more accurate when they were presented with icon arrays. Proportional reasoning abilities correlate with working memory, approximate number system, and subitizing skills.
我们研究了两个情境变量，即呈现形式（图标阵列或数字频率）和时间限制（有限时间或无时间限制）对7岁、10岁儿童以及成年人比例推理能力的影响。参与者必须在两组代币中选择抽取到金色代币可能性最高的那一组，也就是金色代币比例更高的那组元素。结果表明，参与者在无时间限制的条件下表现更好。此外，除了在准确性方面有普遍的发展性提高外，我们的结果还表明，当比例以图标阵列形式呈现时，年幼儿童表现更好，而年龄较大的儿童和成年人在两种呈现形式条件下的准确性相似。贡献声明关于这个主题已经知道了什么？比例推理准确性有发展性提高。图标阵列有助于低算术能力成年人的推理。这项研究增加了什么？当给予参与者更多时间进行比例判断时，他们更准确。当向年幼儿童呈现图标阵列时，他们的比例推理更准确。比例推理能力与工作记忆、近似数系统和即时数数技能相关。
