Dallos Matthew C, Drake Charles G
From the Hematology/Oncology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
Cancer J. 2018 Jan/Feb;24(1):20-30. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000302.
Genitourinary malignancies represent a diverse biologic and immunologic landscape. Recently, checkpoint blockade has transformed the treatment paradigms for bladder and kidney cancer. However, continued progress will be essential in bladder and kidney cancer, given response to inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis remains variable and only a minority of patients respond. In contrast with the clinical trial results in bladder and kidney cancer, studies of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in prostate cancer have generally been disappointing. Nevertheless, an exciting array of studies is underway that are translating lessons learned from tumor biology into promising clinical trials. Here we highlight important features of the immune tumor microenvironment of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer and review key completed and ongoing clinical trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in these tumor types.
泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤呈现出多样化的生物学和免疫学特征。最近，检查点阻断疗法已经改变了膀胱癌和肾癌的治疗模式。然而，鉴于对PD-1/PD-L1轴抑制的反应仍然存在差异，且只有少数患者有反应，膀胱癌和肾癌仍需持续取得进展。与膀胱癌和肾癌的临床试验结果相反，抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法在前列腺癌中的研究总体上令人失望。尽管如此，一系列令人兴奋的研究正在进行中，这些研究正在将从肿瘤生物学中学到的经验转化为有前景的临床试验。在这里，我们强调膀胱癌、肾癌和前列腺癌免疫肿瘤微环境的重要特征，并回顾这些肿瘤类型中抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法已完成和正在进行的关键临床试验。
