School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
J Neural Eng. 2018 Apr;15(2):021002. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa7d62.
Electrical brain stimulation provides therapeutic benefits for patients with drug-resistant neurological disorders. It, however, has restricted access to cell-type selectivity which limits its treatment effectiveness. Optogenetics, in contrast, enables precise targeting of a specific cell type which can address the issue with electrical brain stimulation. It, nonetheless, disregards real-time brain responses in delivering optimized stimulation to target cells. Closed-loop optogenetics, on the other hand, senses the difference between normal and abnormal states of the brain, and modulates stimulation parameters to achieve the desired stimulation outcome. Current review articles on closed-loop optogenetics have focused on its theoretical aspects and potential benefits. A review of the recent progress in miniaturized closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices is thus needed.
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the existing miniaturized closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices and their internal components.
Hardware components of closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices including electrode, light-guiding mechanism, optical source, neural recorder, and optical stimulator are discussed. Next, software modules of closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices including feature extraction, classification, control, and stimulation parameter modulation are described. Then, the existing devices are categorized into open-loop and closed-loop groups, and the combined operation of their neural recorder, optical stimulator, and control approach is discussed. Finally, the challenges in the design and implementation of closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices are presented, suggestions on how to tackle these challenges are given, and future directions for closed-loop optogenetics are stated.
A generic architecture for closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices involving both hardware and software perspectives is devised. A comprehensive investigation into the most current miniaturized and tetherless closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices is given. A detailed comparison of the closed-loop optogenetic stimulation devices is presented.
电脑刺激为耐药性神经障碍患者提供治疗益处。然而，它受到细胞类型选择性的限制，这限制了其治疗效果。相比之下，光遗传学能够精确靶向特定的细胞类型，从而解决电脑刺激的问题。然而，它在向靶细胞提供优化刺激时忽略了实时大脑反应。闭环光遗传学则可以感知大脑正常和异常状态之间的差异，并调节刺激参数以达到所需的刺激效果。目前关于闭环光遗传学的综述文章都集中在其理论方面和潜在的好处上。因此，需要对微型化闭环光遗传刺激设备的最新进展进行综述。
本文对现有的微型化闭环光遗传刺激设备及其内部组件进行了全面研究。
讨论了闭环光遗传刺激设备的硬件组件，包括电极、光导机制、光源、神经记录器和光学刺激器。接下来，描述了闭环光遗传刺激设备的软件模块，包括特征提取、分类、控制和刺激参数调制。然后，将现有的设备分为开环和闭环两类，并讨论了它们的神经记录器、光学刺激器和控制方法的联合操作。最后，提出了闭环光遗传刺激设备设计和实现中的挑战，并给出了如何解决这些挑战的建议，以及未来闭环光遗传学的发展方向。
设计了一种涉及硬件和软件两个方面的闭环光遗传刺激设备通用架构。对当前最新的微型化、无绳闭环光遗传刺激设备进行了全面调查。对闭环光遗传刺激设备进行了详细比较。
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