Perger Robert, Rubio Gonzalo D
Colección Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia.
National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Experimental Station of Agriculture (EEA-INTA), Misiones, Argentina.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 24;13(1):e0190582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190582. eCollection 2018.
Fly resemblance in arthropods is much less common than e.g., resemblance to ants or wasps, and has been mainly observed in beetles. Putative fly mimicry in arachnids has been reported only from the jumping spider genus Saitis. However, recent literature has attributed the fly-resembling characteristics in Saitis to sexual signalling during courtship. The lack of observation of fly mimicry in spiders is not surprising as flies belong to the most important prey item group of spiders. In this study, a new fly-resembling species of the jumping spider tribe Huriini, Scoturius dipterioides sp. nov., from the pre-Andean Chiquitano forest at the Bolivian orocline is described and illustrated. The new species was tentatively placed into Scoturius because the epigynum has a single large elliptical opening. Scoturius dipterioides sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species of this tribe by a combination of following characteristics: epigynum with a large anterior elliptical atrium and initial portion of the copulation ducts dilated as a chamber (shared with Urupuyu); relatively joined copulation openings and short copulation ducts; kidney-shaped spermathecae, advanced at the atrium level. Several somatic features, two of them found exclusively in S. dipterioides sp. nov., increase the resemblance to flies. The Huriini are currently the only spider tribe that is suggested to feature fly mimics.
在节肢动物中，与苍蝇相似的情况比与蚂蚁或黄蜂相似的情况要少见得多，并且主要在甲虫中被观察到。蛛形纲动物中所谓的拟态苍蝇现象仅在跳蛛属赛蒂斯（Saitis）中有报道。然而，最近的文献将赛蒂斯中类似苍蝇的特征归因于求偶期间的性信号传递。蜘蛛中缺乏拟态苍蝇的观察并不奇怪，因为苍蝇属于蜘蛛最重要的猎物种类之一。在本研究中，描述并图示了一种来自玻利维亚造山带前安第斯奇基塔诺森林的跳蛛族胡里尼族（Huriini）的新的类似苍蝇的物种——双翅拟胡里蛛（Scoturius dipterioides sp. nov.）。这个新物种被暂时归入拟胡里蛛属，因为雌孔有一个单一的大椭圆形开口。双翅拟胡里蛛与该族的所有其他物种的区别在于以下特征的组合：雌孔有一个大的前部椭圆形心房，交配管的起始部分扩张成一个腔室（与乌鲁普尤蛛属[Urupuyu]共有）；交配开口相对连接且交配管短；肾形受精囊，在心房水平处更靠前。一些体貌特征增加了与苍蝇的相似性，其中两个特征仅在双翅拟胡里蛛中发现。胡里尼族目前是唯一被认为有类似苍蝇拟态的蜘蛛族。
