Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Apr;235:1015-1021. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.029. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
Components of boldness, such as activity level and locomotion, influence an individual's ability to avoid predators and acquire resources, generating fitness consequences. The presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment may affect fitness by changing morphology or altering behaviors like courtship and exploration. Most research on EDC-generated behavioral effects has focused on estrogen mimics and reproductive endpoints. Far fewer studies have examined the effects of other types of EDCs or measured non-reproductive behaviors. EDCs with antiandrogenic properties are present in waterways yet we know little about their effects on exposed individuals although they may produce effects similar to those caused by estrogen mimics because they act on the same hormonal pathway. To examine the effects of antiandrogens on boldness, this study exposed male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, to a high or low dose of one of two antiandrogens, vinclozolin or flutamide, and observed behavior in three boldness assays, both before and after exposure. Overall, antiandrogen exposure increased boldness behavior, especially following exposure to the higher dose. Whether or not antiandrogen exposure influenced boldness, as well as the nature and intensity of the effect, was assay-dependent. This demonstrates the importance of studying EDC effects in a range of contexts and, at least within this species, suggests that antiandrogenic compounds may generate distinct physiological effects in different situations. How and why the behavioral effects differ from those caused by exposure to an estrogen mimic, as well as the potential consequences of increased activity levels, are discussed. Exposure to an antiandrogen, regardless of dose, produced elevated activity levels and altered shoaling and exploration in male Siamese fighting fish. These modifications may have fitness consequences.
大胆的成分，如活动水平和运动，会影响个体避免捕食者和获取资源的能力，从而产生适合度的后果。水生环境中内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的存在可能会通过改变形态或改变求偶和探索等行为来影响适合度。大多数关于 EDC 产生的行为效应的研究都集中在雌激素类似物和生殖终点上。很少有研究考察其他类型的 EDC 或测量非生殖行为的影响。具有抗雄激素性质的 EDC 存在于水道中，但我们对它们对暴露个体的影响知之甚少，尽管它们可能产生类似于雌激素类似物引起的影响，因为它们作用于相同的激素途径。为了研究抗雄激素对大胆的影响，本研究将雄性暹罗斗鱼暴露于两种抗雄激素之一的高剂量或低剂量下，观察暴露前后三种大胆行为测定中的行为。总的来说，抗雄激素暴露增加了大胆行为，尤其是在暴露于高剂量之后。抗雄激素暴露是否影响大胆行为，以及影响的性质和强度，取决于测定方法。这表明在一系列环境中研究 EDC 效应的重要性，至少在这个物种中，表明抗雄激素化合物在不同情况下可能产生不同的生理效应。为什么行为效应与暴露于雌激素类似物引起的效应不同，以及活动水平增加的潜在后果，都进行了讨论。暴露于抗雄激素，无论剂量如何，都会导致雄性暹罗斗鱼的活动水平升高，并改变其集群和探索行为。这些变化可能会对适合度产生影响。
