Prchal Martin, Kause Antti, Vandeputte Marc, Gela David, Allamellou Jean-Michel, Kumar Girish, Bestin Anastasia, Bugeon Jérôme, Zhao Jinfeng, Kocour Martin
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 25;13(1):e0191624. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191624. eCollection 2018.
Using farmed common carp, we investigated the genetic background of the second year overwintering performance and its relation to the performance during the third growing season and at market size. The experimental stock was established by partial factorial design with a series of 4 factorial matings of 5 dams and 10 sires each. The families were reared communally and pedigree was re-constructed with 93.6% success using 12 microsatellites on 2008 offspring. Three successive recordings (second autumn, third spring, and third autumn-market size) covering two periods (second overwintering, third growing season) were included. Body weight, Fulton's condition factor and percent muscle fat content were recorded at all times and headless carcass yield and fillet yield were recorded at market size. Specific growth rate, absolute and relative fat change and overall survival were calculated for each period. Heritability estimates were significantly different from zero and almost all traits were moderately to highly heritable (h2 = 0.36-1.00), except survival in both periods and fat change (both patterns) during overwintering (h2 = 0.12-0.15). Genetic and phenotypic correlations imply that selection against weight loss and fat loss during overwintering is expected to lead to a better winter survival, together with a positive effect on growth in the third growing season. Interestingly, higher muscle fat content was genetically correlated to lower survival in the following period (rg = -0.59; -0.53, respectively for winter and the third summer). On the other hand, higher muscle fat was also genetically linked to better slaughter yields. Moreover, selection for higher condition factor would lead to better performance during winter, growing season and at market size.
我们以养殖的鲤鱼为研究对象，调查了其第二年越冬性能的遗传背景，以及该性能与第三年生长季和上市规格时性能的关系。实验种群通过部分析因设计建立，由5只雌鱼和10只雄鱼进行一系列4因素交配。这些家系共同饲养，利用12个微卫星对2008个后代进行系谱重建，成功率达93.6%。记录涵盖两个时期（第二年越冬期、第三年生长季）的三个连续阶段（第二年秋季、第三年春季和第三年秋季——上市规格）。在各个阶段记录体重、福尔顿肥满度和肌肉脂肪含量百分比，在上市规格时记录去头胴体产量和鱼片产量。计算每个时期的特定生长率、绝对和相对脂肪变化以及总体存活率。遗传力估计值显著不为零，几乎所有性状都具有中度至高遗传力（h2 = 0.36 - 1.00），但两个时期的存活率以及越冬期间的脂肪变化（两种模式）除外（h2 = 0.12 - 0.15）。遗传和表型相关性表明，在越冬期间针对体重减轻和脂肪损失进行选择，有望提高冬季存活率，并对第三年生长季的生长产生积极影响。有趣的是，较高的肌肉脂肪含量与下一时期较低的存活率存在遗传相关性（冬季和第三年夏季的rg分别为 -0.59和 -0.53）。另一方面，较高的肌肉脂肪也与更好的屠宰产量存在遗传联系。此外，选择较高的肥满度会使鱼在冬季、生长季和上市规格时表现更佳。
