UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Global Public Health Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Jun 21;21(7):863-870. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty007.
A range of tobacco control policies endeavor to prevent smoking uptake in young people, yet relatively little is known about how such interventions impact young people's engagement with smoking. We reviewed existing qualitative evidence on young people and smoking in Europe to assess whether, in what ways and why young people comply with, adapt to, resist, or circumvent tobacco control policies in their respective countries.
We undertook a systematic review of academic literature presenting qualitative research from Europe on smoking and young people (11-18 years), published from 2000 to 2015. Bibliographic searches (PubMed, PsycInfo, SSCI) produced 1357 records, from which 43 relevant articles were assessed for quality and 39 included in the review.
Most studies were from the United Kingdom (27), with a small number (one or two each) from other European countries (Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, and Spain). Only 16 articles (11 from United Kingdom) provided any evidence about the impacts of tobacco control policies on young people's smoking. These focused on smoke-free legislation (four), age of sale laws (four), plain packaging (three), and black market tobacco (one).
There is very little qualitative evidence exploring the impacts of tobacco control on youth smoking in Europe. To develop more effective smoking prevention policies that take account of local political, social, and cultural contexts, more qualitative research from a wider range of European countries is needed to understand how tobacco control impacts on young people's social worlds and smoking behaviors.
Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality in Europe. However, there is little qualitative evidence exploring the impact of tobacco control policies on young people in Europe. Most comes from the United Kingdom and focuses on a narrow range of policies. Thus, we have a limited understanding of how and in what ways tobacco control policies reach young people, their engagement with these, and how local context affects their impact. More qualitative research is needed, from a wider range of countries and on a broader range of tobacco control policies, to strengthen the evidence-base for reducing youth smoking.
一系列的烟草控制政策旨在防止年轻人吸烟，但对于这些干预措施如何影响年轻人对吸烟的态度知之甚少。我们回顾了欧洲关于年轻人和吸烟的现有定性证据，以评估年轻人在各自国家对烟草控制政策的遵守、适应、抵制或规避的方式和原因。
我们对 2000 年至 2015 年期间发表的关于欧洲年轻人（11-18 岁）吸烟问题的定性研究的学术文献进行了系统综述。文献检索（PubMed、PsycInfo、SSCI）共产生了 1357 条记录，其中有 43 篇相关文章进行了质量评估，有 39 篇被纳入综述。
大多数研究来自英国（27 项），其他欧洲国家（丹麦、瑞典、瑞士、比利时、塞浦路斯、希腊、匈牙利、爱尔兰和西班牙）各有一两项研究。只有 16 篇文章（英国 11 篇）提供了任何关于烟草控制政策对年轻人吸烟影响的证据。这些研究集中在无烟立法（4 篇）、销售年龄法（4 篇）、普通包装（3 篇）和黑市烟草（1 篇）。
几乎没有定性证据探索欧洲烟草控制对青少年吸烟的影响。为了制定更有效的吸烟预防政策，需要从更多的欧洲国家获得更广泛的定性研究，以了解烟草控制对年轻人社会世界和吸烟行为的影响，这些政策考虑到当地的政治、社会和文化背景。
吸烟是欧洲导致过早死亡的主要原因。然而，几乎没有定性证据探索欧洲烟草控制政策对年轻人的影响。大多数来自英国，主要集中在少数几种政策上。因此，我们对烟草控制政策如何以及在何种程度上影响年轻人、他们对这些政策的参与程度以及当地环境如何影响其影响的理解有限。需要从更多的国家和更广泛的烟草控制政策进行更多的定性研究，以加强减少青少年吸烟的证据基础。
