Milosavljevic Ivan, Amrich Ruth, Strode Vincent, Hoddle Mark S
Department of Entomology, University of California.
Center of Invasive Species Research, University of California.
Environ Entomol. 2018 Apr 5;47(2):233-243. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx206.
Modeling can be used to characterize the effects of environmental drivers and biotic factors on the phenology of arthropod pests. From a biological control perspective, population dynamics models may provide insights as to when the most vulnerable pest life stages are available for natural enemies to attack. Analyses presented here used temperature and habitat dependent, instar-specific, discrete models to investigate the population dynamics of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). This pest is the target of a classical biological control program with the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The population trends of D. citri eggs, nymphs, and adults, citrus flush growth patterns, and T. radiata activity were monitored monthly on orange and lemon trees at 10 urban sites in southern California for a 2-yr period. Cumulative D. citri egg, nymph, and adult days recorded at each site, were regressed against accumulated degree-days (DDs) to model the population dynamics of each development stage in relation to temperature. Using a biofix point of 1 January, the model predicted that 10% and 90% of eggs were laid by 198 and 2,255 DD, respectively. Populations of small and large D. citri nymphs increased slowly with 90% of the population recorded by 2,389 and 2,436 DD, respectively. D. citri adults were present year round with 10 and 90% of the population recorded by 95 and 2,687 DD, respectively. The potential implications of using DD models for optimizing inoculative releases of natural enemies, such as T. radiata into citrus habitat infested with D. citri, are discussed.
建模可用于描述环境驱动因素和生物因子对节肢动物害虫物候的影响。从生物防治的角度来看，种群动态模型可以提供有关害虫最脆弱的生命阶段何时可供天敌攻击的见解。本文所进行的分析使用了温度和栖息地依赖性、龄期特异性的离散模型，来研究亚洲柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama，半翅目：木虱科）的种群动态。这种害虫是经典生物防治项目的目标，其寄生蜂为放射形潜叶姬小蜂（Tamarixia radiata (Waterston)，膜翅目：姬小蜂科）。在加利福尼亚州南部的10个城市地点，对橙子树和柠檬树上的亚洲柑橘木虱的卵、若虫和成虫的种群趋势、柑橘新梢生长模式以及放射形潜叶姬小蜂的活动进行了为期两年的月度监测。将每个地点记录的亚洲柑橘木虱卵、若虫和成虫的累计天数，与累积度日数（DDs）进行回归分析，以建立每个发育阶段的种群动态与温度之间的关系模型。以1月1日为生物固定点，该模型预测分别在198度日和2255度日时产下10%和90%的卵。小型和大型亚洲柑橘木虱若虫的种群数量分别在2389度日和2436度日时缓慢增加，此时记录到90%的种群数量。亚洲柑橘木虱成虫全年都有，分别在95度日和2687度日时记录到10%和90%的种群数量。本文还讨论了使用度日模型来优化天敌（如放射形潜叶姬小蜂）向受亚洲柑橘木虱侵染的柑橘栖息地进行接种释放的潜在影响。
