Markova Yu M, Sheveleva S A
Vopr Pitan. 2015;84(6):38-45.
The content of lactobacilli and enterobacteria in the experiment in rats with varying levels of vitamins and dietary fiber was studied. The study was performed on 48 male weanling Wistar rats randomized into 8 groups, with the creation of vitamin deficiency (30 d.) and its further compensation (5 d.). Vitamin content in the semisynthetic diet in rats of the control group N 1 corresponded to 100% of a daily adequate intake. In the similar composition of the diet of the control group N 2 wheat bran was added in amount of 5% of the weight of the diet. In groups N 3–8 rats received a diet with the reduced amount of vitamin mixture by 5 times (20% of the adequate intake) and the total exclusion of tocopherol, thiamine and riboflavin from the mixture. The wheat bran (5% of diet mass) was added to the diets in Groups N 4, 6, 8. At the stage of compensation of deficiency rats were fed with the diets with increased content of vitamin mixture: Group 5–6 to 80% 7–8 to 200% (100 and 220% of the adequate intake, respectively), and the groups N 3–4 continued to receive deficient diet with or without wheat bran until the end of the experiment. After 35 days rats were anesthetized with ether, decapitated, necropsied and the cecum segments were selected for quantitative microbiological analysis of its contents. It has been shown that the addition of wheat bran to vitamin deficient diet lead to the reduction of the manifestation of physical sign of hypovitaminosis. It also eliminated the differences in the integrated index of growth and development of rats in comparison with the group without vitamin deficiency. It was found that the vitamin deficiency in the diet, regardless of the presence or absence of wheat bran, led to a significant reduction of the number of lactobacilli in the intestinal contents, but almost did not affect the number of normal and opportunistic pathogenic enterobacteria. The compensation of deficiency during 5 days lead to the increased number of lactobacilli, but the physiological levels and levels in control animals it reached only in rats received 220% of the vitamins with the addition of wheat bran. In the lactobacilli population in all rats received different doses of vitamins (including reduced to 20%), regardless of the presence of wheat bran, prevailing culturable representatives were 3 kinds of Lactobacillus spp. – acidophilus, fermentum, paracasei. These species showed stable presence in the intestine even in conditions of prolonged vitamin deficiency (35 days). L. acidophilus was the dominated lactoflora representative in all rats, its’ content was average 91.7% of all culturable lactobacilli. With less constancy and in lower amounts were detected L. plantarum and representatives of coccal flora (Leuconostoc lactis, Lactococcus lactis).
研究了不同维生素和膳食纤维水平的大鼠实验中乳酸菌和肠杆菌的含量。该研究对48只雄性断奶Wistar大鼠进行，随机分为8组，造成维生素缺乏（30天）并进一步补充（5天）。第1对照组大鼠半合成饮食中的维生素含量相当于每日充足摄入量的100%。在第2对照组类似组成的饮食中添加了占饮食重量5%的麦麸。在第3 - 8组中，大鼠接受的饮食中维生素混合物的量减少了5倍（充足摄入量的20%），并且混合物中完全不含生育酚、硫胺素和核黄素。第4、6、8组的饮食中添加了麦麸（占饮食质量的5%）。在缺乏症补偿阶段，给大鼠喂食维生素混合物含量增加的饮食：第5 - 6组增加到80%，第7 - 8组增加到200%（分别为充足摄入量的100%和220%） , 第3 - 4组继续接受含或不含麦麸的缺乏饮食直至实验结束。35天后，用乙醚麻醉大鼠，断头，剖检，并选取盲肠段对其内容物进行定量微生物分析。结果表明，在维生素缺乏饮食中添加麦麸可减少维生素缺乏体征的表现。与无维生素缺乏的组相比，它还消除了大鼠生长发育综合指数的差异。发现饮食中的维生素缺乏，无论是否存在麦麸，都会导致肠道内容物中乳酸菌数量显著减少，但几乎不影响正常和机会性致病肠杆菌的数量。5天的缺乏补偿导致乳酸菌数量增加，但只有在添加麦麸且摄入220%维生素的大鼠中，其数量才达到对照动物的生理水平。在所有接受不同剂量维生素（包括降至20%）的大鼠的乳酸菌群体中，无论是否存在麦麸，主要的可培养代表是3种乳酸杆菌属——嗜酸乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌。即使在长期维生素缺乏（35天）的情况下，这些菌种在肠道中也表现出稳定的存在。嗜酸乳杆菌是所有大鼠中占主导地位的乳杆菌代表，其含量平均占所有可培养乳酸菌的91.7%。植物乳杆菌和球菌菌群代表（乳酸明串珠菌、乳酸乳球菌）的检出稳定性较差且数量较少。
