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生态网络与邻里社会组织。

Ecological Networks and Neighborhood Social Organization.

机构信息

Ohio State University.

University of New Mexico.

出版信息

AJS. 2017 May;122(6):1939-1988. doi: 10.1086/691261.


DOI:10.1086/691261
PMID:29379218
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5786432/
Abstract

Drawing on the social disorganization tradition and the social ecological perspective of Jane Jacobs, the authors hypothesize that neighborhoods composed of residents who intersect in space more frequently as a result of routine activities will exhibit higher levels of collective efficacy, intergenerational closure, and social network interaction and exchange. They develop this approach employing the concept of ecological networks-two-mode networks that indirectly link residents through spatial overlap in routine activities. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, they find evidence that econetwork (the average proportion of households in the neighborhood to which a given household is tied through any location) and (the degree to which household dyads are characterized by ties through multiple locations) are positively related to changes in social organization between 2000-2001 and 2006-2008. These findings demonstrate the relevance of econetwork characteristics-heretofore neglected in research on urban neighborhoods-for consequential dimensions of neighborhood social organization.

摘要

基于社会失序传统和简·雅各布斯的社会生态视角,作者假设,由于日常活动而在空间上更加频繁地交叉的居民所组成的邻里,将表现出更高水平的集体效能、代际封闭、社会网络互动和交流。他们采用生态网络的概念——通过日常活动的空间重叠间接将居民联系起来的二模网络——来发展这种方法。利用来自洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查的数据,他们发现证据表明,经济网络(给定家庭通过任何位置与邻里中其他家庭相连的家庭比例)和(通过多个位置将家庭对偶联系起来的程度)与 2000-2001 年至 2006-2008 年之间社会组织的变化呈正相关。这些发现表明,经济网络特征——迄今为止在城市邻里研究中被忽视——对于邻里社会组织的重要维度具有相关性。

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本文引用的文献

[1]
The Social Ecology of Public Space: Active Streets and Violent Crime in Urban Neighborhoods.

Criminology. 2013-11

[2]
MODELING SOCIAL NETWORKS FROM SAMPLED DATA.

Ann Appl Stat. 2010

[3]
Multiple contexts of exposure: Activity spaces, residential neighborhoods, and self-rated health.

Soc Sci Med. 2015-12

[4]
The Role of Immigrant Concentration Within and Beyond Residential Neighborhoods in Adolescent Alcohol Use.

J Youth Adolesc. 2016-1

[5]
Moving Beyond Neighborhood: Activity Spaces and Ecological Networks As Contexts for Youth Development.

Cityscape. 2014-1-1

[6]
Neighborhoods and adolescent health-risk behavior: an ecological network approach.

Soc Sci Med. 2015-1

[7]
Redefining neighborhoods using common destinations: social characteristics of activity spaces and home census tracts compared.

Demography. 2014-6

[8]
Spatial Polygamy and Contextual Exposures (SPACEs): Promoting Activity Space Approaches in Research on Place and Health.

Am Behav Sci. 2013-8-1

[9]
New approaches to human mobility: using mobile phones for demographic research.

Demography. 2013-6

[10]
Eyes on the Block: Measuring Urban Physical Disorder Through In-Person Observation.

Soc Sci Res. 2011-3-1

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