Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2023 Dec;64(4):555-577. doi: 10.1177/00221465231172176. Epub 2023 Jun 4.
Infant health problems are a persistent concern across the United States, disproportionally affecting socioeconomically vulnerable communities. We investigate how inequalities in infant health contribute to differences in interneighborhood commuting mobility and shape neighborhoods' embeddedness in the citywide structure of employment networks in Chicago over a 14-year period. We use the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics' Origin-Destination Employment Statistics to analyze commuting networks between 2002 and 2015. Results from longitudinal network analyses indicate two main patterns. First, after the Great Recession, a community's infant health problems began to significantly predict isolation from the citywide employment network. Second, pairwise dissimilarity in infant health problems predicts a lower likelihood of mobility ties between communities throughout the entire study period. The findings suggest that infant health problems present a fundamental barrier for communities in equally accessing the full range of jobs and opportunities across the city-compounding existing inequalities.
美国各地一直存在婴儿健康问题，这对社会经济弱势群体社区的影响尤为严重。我们研究了婴儿健康方面的不平等如何导致邻里间通勤流动性的差异，并在芝加哥 14 年的时间里研究了婴儿健康状况的差异如何影响邻里在全市就业网络中的嵌入程度。我们使用人口普查局的“纵向雇主-家庭动态”的来源-目的地就业统计数据来分析 2002 年至 2015 年的通勤网络。纵向网络分析的结果表明了两种主要模式。首先，在大衰退之后，一个社区的婴儿健康问题开始显著预测其与全市就业网络的隔离。其次，婴儿健康问题的成对差异预测了整个研究期间社区之间流动性联系的可能性降低。研究结果表明，婴儿健康问题为社区平等获得全市范围内各种工作和机会设置了一个根本性的障碍——加剧了现有的不平等。
