膳食钠钾比与高血压和心血管疾病的发病率：基于人群的纵向研究。

Dietary sodium to potassium ratio and the incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease: A population-based longitudinal study.

机构信息

a Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.

b Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.

出版信息

Clin Exp Hypertens. 2018;40(8):772-779. doi: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1431261. Epub 2018 Jan 30.

DOI:10.1080/10641963.2018.1431261

PMID:29381403

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

There is an interaction between dietary sodium/potassium intake in the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary sodium to potassium (Na/K) ratio and the risk of HTN and CVD in a general population of Iranian adults.

METHODS

In this prospective cohort study, adults men and women with complete baseline data were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and were followed up for 6.3 years for incidence of HTN and CVD outcomes. Dietary sodium and potassium were assessed using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary sodium, potassium and their ratio and risk of outcomes.

RESULTS

During the study follow-up, 291 (15.1%) and 79 (5.0%) new cases of HTN and CVD were identified, respectively. No significant association was observed between usual intakes of sodium, potassium and dietary Na/K ratio with the incidence of HTN. There was no significant association between dietary intakes of sodium and potassium per se and the risk of CVD, whereas when dietary sodium to potassium ratio was considered as exposure in the fully-adjusted Cox regression model, and participants in the highest compared to lowest tertile had a significantly increased risk of CVD (HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.16-4.14).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that high dietary Na/K ratio could contribute to increased risk of CVD events.

摘要

目的

饮食钠/钾摄入量在高血压（HTN）和心血管疾病（CVD）的发病机制中存在相互作用。本研究旨在调查伊朗成年人一般人群中饮食钠与钾（Na/K）比值与 HTN 和 CVD 风险之间的关联。

方法

在这项前瞻性队列研究中，从德黑兰血脂和血糖研究的参与者中选择具有完整基线数据的男性和女性成年人，并对其进行了 6.3 年的 HTN 和 CVD 结局随访。饮食钠和钾采用有效的、可靠的 168 项食物频率问卷进行评估。使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型估计饮食钠、钾及其比值与结局风险之间的关联的风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。

结果

在研究随访期间，分别确定了 291 例（15.1%）和 79 例（5.0%）新的 HTN 和 CVD 病例。通常摄入的钠、钾和饮食 Na/K 比值与 HTN 的发生率之间没有显著关联。饮食钠和钾本身与 CVD 的风险之间没有显著关联，而当将饮食钠与钾的比值作为完全调整后的 Cox 回归模型中的暴露因素时，与最低三分位相比，最高三分位的参与者 CVD 的风险显著增加（HR=2.19，95%CI=1.16-4.14）。