Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Endocrine. 2018 Mar;59(3):466-480. doi: 10.1007/s12020-018-1529-0. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
Hypoxic state affects organism primarily by decreasing the amount of oxygen reaching the cells and tissues. To adjust with changing environment organism undergoes mechanisms which are necessary for acclimatization to hypoxic stress. Pulmonary vascular remodelling is one such mechanism controlled by hormonal peptides present in blood circulation for acclimatization. Activation of peptides regulates constriction and relaxation of blood vessels of pulmonary and systemic circulation. Thus, understanding of vascular tone maintenance and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction like pathophysiological condition during hypoxia is of prime importance. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and renin angiotensin system (RAS) function, their receptor functioning and signalling during hypoxia in different body parts point them as disease markers. In vivo and in vitro studies have helped understanding the mechanism of hormonal peptides for better acclimatization to hypoxic stress and interventions for better management of vascular remodelling in different models like cell, rat, and human is discussed in this review.
缺氧状态主要通过减少到达细胞和组织的氧气量来影响机体。为了适应不断变化的环境，机体经历了对低氧应激进行适应的必要机制。肺血管重塑是一种由血液循环中存在的激素肽控制的机制，用于适应。肽的激活调节肺和全身循环血管的收缩和舒张。因此，了解血管张力维持和低氧性肺血管收缩等低氧病理生理状况非常重要。内皮素-1（ET-1）、心钠肽（ANP）和肾素血管紧张素系统（RAS）的功能、它们在不同身体部位缺氧时的受体功能和信号转导使它们成为疾病标志物。本综述讨论了体内和体外研究如何帮助了解激素肽的机制，以更好地适应低氧应激，以及在不同模型（如细胞、大鼠和人类）中干预血管重塑的管理。
